ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe mandibular canal passes the interior mandibular from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, involving the inferior alveolar artery and inferior alveolar nerve. The location and configuration of mandibular canal variations are important in surgical procedures involving the mandible, such as extraction of an impacted third molar, dental implant treatment, and sagittal split ramus osteotomy.Purpose: Determine the case of the inferior alveolar nerve branching by the panoramic radiography.Materials and Methods: Especially chosen 384 (768 mandibular canal) digital panoramic radiographies of 147 males and 237 females aged above 5, who were attended the radiology cabinet of Dentistry, HSUM, in 2005-2010.Inclusion criteria:• With clear view of the mandibular canal ramus types.• No injury in mandibular, its ramus, no pathology, no operated. Radiographies of people aged above 5.The digital panoramic radiographies of mandible and maxilla were observed by l-VIEW 2D software of VERAVIEWEPOCS apparatus, MORITAcorp., Japan.Results: The 6.6% (51) case of bifid mandibular canal was determined by the panoramic radiography. Mandibular canal branching was defined in 24 males, 27 females; right mandibular canal branching was in 45.1% (23) cases, in the left - 54.9% (28). Mandibular canal bifid canal-78,4% (40), double canal-3,9% (2), trifid canal-2% (1), type with 2 foramen mandibular -15,7% (8). We classified the mandibular canal ramus by the Langlais: on the right side - Langlais I-8, Langlais II-6, Langlais III-5, Langlais IV-3, the leftside - Langlais 1-11, Langlais II-4, Langlais III-6, Langlais IV-4. 20 cases of bifid canal was detected at age 5-20, 26 cases - at 21-35 , 4 cases - at 36-55, 1 case - at 56-65, and there was no any bifid canal after 66.Conclusions:1. A total of 6,6% of the radiographs studied in the present study demonstrated mandibular canal variations. No difference in the prevalence of variations was observed in relations to age, gender and side of the jaw.2. Mandibular canals were classified as Langlais et al types; type I was dominated (19), Langlais IV - rare case (7).3. In accordance with the study the 21-35 aged persons have more (26) mandibular canal types, and for the people aged 56-65 it was rare case (1).
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Liver disease that caused by iron metabolism failure is called Hemochromatosis (clinically "Bronze diabetes", "Over spotted liver cirrhosis"). The two types of hemochromatosis are primary and secondary. Primary hemochromatosis is caused by a defect in the genes that control how much iron the human body absorb from food. Secondary hemochromatosis usually is the result of another disease or condition that causes iron overload. According to the study there is a real need to study the clinical reveals of hemachromatosis in Mongolian patients. The purpose of the study to determine the hemachromatosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and cancer.Materials and Methods: The study involved 50 patients with diagnosis liver cirrhosis and cancer (1st stage) who were hospitalized in Clinic of gastroenterology of Shastin clinical hospital and "Shagdarsuren" hepatic hospital from April to July, 2011. The special questionnaire was used in the study. The biochemical laboratory examinations were taken and analyzed in lab "MED ANALYTIC". Biochemical tests performed on HumaStar 80 fully automatic analyzer. Determination of Iron level was performed by Photometric colorimetric test for iron with lipid clearing factor (normality 37-148ug/dl), transferring level by Turbidimetric monoreagent for the quantitative determination of transferring (normality 170-340ug/dl), glucose level by (GOD-PAP method) Enzymatic colorimetric test for glucose method without Deproteinisation (normality 75-115ug/dl). The ferritin level performed by ELISA analyzer (normality 15-240ng/ml).Results: The patient's age was 25-86, the mid aging-55.42. From all patients (29 male and 21 female) who were participated in the study, the 25 were with diagnosis liver cirrhosis and 18 of them clinically has the Child Pugh "B" cirrhosis, 7 has Child Pugh "A". The other 25 patients were with diagnosis liver cancer first stage.According to biochemical analyzes iron (n=35;70%); ferritin (n=41;82%); transferring (n=27; 54%); sugar (n=21;42%) levels were elevated.During the liver disease caused by iron overloading the following clinical symptoms were observed:- Skin spotting, n=48 (98%)- Hepatomegaly, n=33 (66%)- Splenomegaly, n=28 (56%)- Diabetes mellitus symptoms, n= 30 (60%)- Cardiovascular disease, n=16 (32%)- Respiratory system disorders, n=11 (22%)- Gonadotrophy, n= 2 (4%)The average serum iron level in case of livercirrhosis was 189.84+18.5mg/dl, in liver cancer 160.4±13.91 mg/ dl, ferritin level in case of liver cirrhosis was 407.69+50.08ng/ml, transferrin 375.68±47.38mg/dl, glucose 121.1±7.15mg/dl, ferritin level in liver cancer was 391.67±47.79ng/ml, transferring 388.76±47.38mg/dl, glucose 114.59±5.78mg/dl.