ABSTRACT
Recently, a long-term health concern has been identified in young Japanese women. These women have a high percentage of body fat despite a normal shape index indicator such as BMI. This condition is called marked obesity, and shows relative low lean body mass. Using an analogous determination, we investigated low percentage of muscle quantity (LM) in the extremities of young Japanese women (n=156) . The cross-sectional areas of muscle, subcutaneous fat, and bone were measured in the upper arm and thigh using ultrasonography. Extremity shape index (CSA<SUB>t</SUB>/L) was defined as the total extremity cross-sectional area (CSA<SUB>t</SUB>) divided by the length of the limb (L), Percent muscle in each extremity (% MA) was calculated from the ratio of muscle CSA to whole limb CSA. LM was defined as the percentage of muscle in the upper arm or thigh less than 1 SD below average and the limb shape index less than 1 SD above average. Nine of 91 subjects displayed LM for the upper arm. A similar proportion of subjects showed LM for the thigh (15/156) . The muscle mass and strength in the upper arm or thigh were compared between the subjects with LM and non-LM subjects with a similar shape index of extremity. There was a tendency towards lower muscle mass and muscle strength in the subjects with LM. From the same comparison, the subjects with LM showed a greater load on extremity muscles to sustain the body weight (i.e., body weight per unit of upper arm or thigh muscle CSA) . To mitigate the deleterious health consequences of low percent muscle quantity it is recommended that young Japanese women who display such a condition should participate in a resistance-training program.
ABSTRACT
Thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum voluntary isometric strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured in 97 men (2065 years) and 162 women (2069 years) in sedentary Japanese adults. Each subject was assigned to one of five age groups (3<SUP>rd</SUP> 4<SUP>th</SUP> 5<SUP>th</SUP> 6<SUP>th</SUP> and 7<SUP>th</SUP> decade) . Thigh muscle CSA was estimated by our developmental measuring system using an ultrasonographic device, which was connected to a PC for graphical processing. Muscle CSA for the 7<SUP>th</SUP> decade in men was significantly smaller than that for the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> decade. For women, muscle CSA were no significant from the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> to the 7<SUP>th</SUP> decade. The isometric knee extensor strength showed a significant decline with age from the 7<SUP>th</SUP> decade in men, whereas there was no significant change with age in women. Isometric strength of knee flexors in men showed a gradual decline from the 5<SUB>th</SUB> decade. The aging-associated reduction of muscle strength per muscle CSA in the extensors and flexors started from the 6<SUB>th</SUB> decade in men. It was concluded that the size and strength of the thigh muscles begin to decrease simultaneously by approximately the 6<SUB>th</SUB> decade in men, whereas there are no change until the 7<SUP>th</SUP> decade in women.
ABSTRACT
We performed a retrospective study on the clinical data of 13 remission failure cases in 53 patients who had received remission induction therapy for acute leukemia (AL) in our hospital over the past seven years.<BR>The outstanding clinical manifestations of the remission failure cases, as compared with the successful cases, included (a) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome (b) complex chromosomal abnormalities (c) leukocytosis over 100, 000/μl and (d) markedly elevated seum LDH level and thymidine kinase activitis at the time of initial admission.<BR>The greater majority of these cases (10 out of 13) resulted in death within 90 days after the start of induction therapy.<BR>The causes of death were predominantly hemorrhagic events associated with DIC syndrome, cerebral hemorrhage and severe infectious diseases such as sepsis and pneumonia.<BR>Earlier death within 14 days after therapy was caused from hemorrhagic events and later one was severe infections.<BR>In the G-CSF treated group, the febril term of over 38°C was shorter and the number of days taken for the neutrophil counts to be restored to the 1, 000/μl level was fewer than in the non G-CSF treated group.<BR>Thus, it was suggested that G-CSF was expected to be one of the useful supporting agents to prevent infections in remission induction therapy for acute leukemia.