Methods of plant growth-promoting fungi application to enhance the growth and yield of wheat var. Ibaa99

Aims@#The main aim of the study was to evaluate some methods of application of Aspergillus niger AD1 and Trichoderma hamatum T-113 for enhancing the growth and yield of wheat var. Ibaa99 in pots and field conditions.@*Methodology and results@#Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) loaded with peat moss were used at a rate of 100, 150 and 200 mL pot-1 or m-2 in filed soil; seed treatment (coating) with fungi suspension 19 × 107, soil treatment and combination of all the three methods was employed in the study. Wheat seeds were sown in pots and field plots during 2018-2019, and data regarding various growth and yield attributes were recorded. In both pot and field trials, the results revealed that the best treatments for the desired plant growth and yield attributes were peat moss 150 mL alone or in combination with soil and seed treatments. The soil physicochemical parameters were also improved after inoculation with selected fungal isolates in different application methods compared with un-inoculated control treatment in both pot and field conditions.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The PGPF play a vital role represented phytoremediation, phytostimulation and bio-fertilization. The isolates of PGPF, which were applied with peat moss at 150 mL to the pot and in the field alone or combined with seed treatment and soil application, were significantly the best effective method for improving wheat attributes.

Implications of Health Care Providers by Physicians' and Pharmacists' Attitudes and Perceptive Barriers towards Interprofessional Collaborative Practices

Abstract The study was aimed at assessing and comparing physicians' and pharmacists' attitudes and experiences with collaborative practices, along with the extent of barriers toward interprofessional collaboration in Iraqi healthcare settings. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians and pharmacists in different healthcare settings in Baghdad, Iraq through an interview using a structured 3-part questionnaire, assessing the demographic characteristics, attitudes and barriers to interprofessional collaborative practices. A total of 384 participants were enrolled in this study. The physicians and pharmacists reported a significant positive attitudes towards collaboration, such as ''pharmacists are qualified to assess and respond to patients' drug treatment needs'' (69.8%, vs. 89.6%,; P=0.001);''pharmacists have special expertise in counseling patients on drug treatment'' (59.9%, vs. 86%; P=0.001); ''physicians and pharmacists should be educated to establish collaborative relationships'' (80.7%, vs. 100%; P=0.001), respectively. However, 57.3% of the physicians agreed about ''lack or inadequate of pharmacists' time to provide direct and effective patient care because of medications dispensing duties'', while 56.8% of the pharmacists disagreed about this barrier (P=0.005). Both professions reported significant, positive attitudes and shared some barriers toward collaborative practices; however, there is a disagreement in some areas in which both professions would like more collaboration for better patient care.

Compartive Study between LAT and Elisa in detection of Toxoplasmosis in groups of women

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is an obligate intracellular organism and is found in two forms in humans. widespread throughout the world, approximately half a billion humans have antibody to T.gondii Objective: This study is aimed to compare the efficiency of two methods in diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 350 [15-46 years-old, 100 pregnant and 250 non-pregnant] females. Two serological methods were used: Latez agglutination test [LAT] and Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay for IgM detection [ELISA]. Results: The study showed that 38.86% of women had given positive results for LAT, of which 31 were pregnant and 105 were non-pregnant, which only 14.28% of the total subjects had given positive results for ELISA. Conclusion: These results indicate that positive sera for LAT should be further investigate by mre reliable method in order to confirm the infection with toxoplasmosis

Anaesthetic challenges in a super-morbidly obese patient undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy [LSG] is an effective method of treating patients suffering from morbid obesity. The perioperative care of these patients can be complicated by physiological derangement, comorbidities, problems with the patient's airway and alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some drugs. We report a case of a 45-year-old man with body weight of 252 kg and body mass index [BMI] of 77 kg/m[2] who underwent LSG. This case investigates possibly the most overweight patient to undergo general anaesthesia in the United Arab Emirates [UAE]. Specific protocols in anaesthetic management and perioperative care should be implemented to allow effective and safer treatment in obese patients

Frequency of HLA-A and B Antigens in Iraqi patients with end-stage renal disease preparing for transplantation

Background: The likelihood of developing end-stage renal disease in an individual is determined by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Human leukocyte antigen is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. Genes of this region influence susceptibility to certain diseases

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association of HLA class I [HLA-A and HLA-B] with the end-stage renal disease in Iraqi patients [Arab and Kurd]

Subjects and Methods: HLA-typing was assessed in 200 patients with end-stage renal disease and 110 healthy controls by microlymphocytotxicity assay

Results: A survey of the distribution of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens frequencies yielded a significant variation between patients and healthy control group. Arab patients have significant increase in frequency of HLA-A2 as compared with healthy control [P=0.005]. Whereas Kurdish patients revealed significant increase in frequency of HLA-B35 when compared with healthy control [P=0.033]

Conclusion: The current study suggests that high frequency of HLA-A2 in Arab patients and HLA-B35 in Kurdish patients might be associated with susceptibility to risk of end-stage renal disease

Echinococcosis: prevalence of hydatid disease in Sulaimania, Iraq

Hydatid disease is widespread and is considered endemic in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Iraq is one of the countries with a high endemicity of this disease. The aim of this study was to diagnose hydatidosis and to identify the prevalence in humans in two different areas in Sulaimania governorate which includes Sulaimania city and Saedsadq district. Sero-epidemiological survey was conducted by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and Indirect Haemagglutination [IHA] to detect anti Echinococcus granulosus antibodies in randomly collected blood samples [n. 536] of different sex, age, and occupation out patients, in Sulaimania and Saedsadq. The sero-positivity in Saedsadq was higher [3.7%] than in Sulaimania [2.5%]; in female subjects [2.8%, 6.4%], sero-positivity was higher than in male population [1.6%, 1.2%], respectively both in Sulaimania and Saedsadq. The sero-positivity was higher in Saedsadq than Sulaimania, and higher among females than males in all age groups

Mobile right heart thrombus with pulmonary embolism in a patient with polycythemia rubra vera and splanchnic vein thrombosis

Splanchnic vein thrombosis in patients with polycythemia rubra vera is well-known. Development of mobile right heart thrombus in these patients has not been reported previously. We describe a young patient with Polycythemia rubra vera and splanchnic vein thrombosis with ischemic bowel who underwent small bowel resection. He developed a large mobile right atrial thrombus and bilateral pulmonary embolism. He also had upper gastrointestinal bleed. His management was complicated and challenging due to multiple risk factors and co-morbid conditions. Thrombolysis was contraindicated and he refused surgical intervention. He was treated with anticoagulation with complete resolution of right atrial thrombus

Documentation of the management of asthma exacerbation in adults by primary health care physicians in a teaching hospital in Oman

Asthma exacerbation is a major cause of morbidity and it is usually an indication of poor control. Appropriate management and documentation of the clinical assessment of an exacerbation, its severity, contributing factors and treatment are all essential components of asthma control. The aim of this study was to assess the documentation of the management of asthma exacerbations by primary care physicians [PCPs]. A retrospective analysis was carried out on patient records from 1 May 2008 to 31 April 2009. We included all acute exacerbation episodes in asthmatic patients aged >/= 14, who received nebulized bronchodilators in the two family medicine clinics attached to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital [SQUH], Oman. A special form was designed to collect PCP's documented management. A total of 67 patients with 100 episodes were treated by 42 PCPs. Documentation of clinical assessment was low for previous admissions [2%], rescue nebulization [25%], duration of symptoms [57%], trigger factors [19%], compliance [9%], clinical signs [48%], peak flow rate [3%], and inhaler technique [5%]. The diagnosis of asthma exacerbation was documented in 77% of the episodes.Documentation of therapy was also low [3% for oxygen therapy and 24% for systemic steroids]. Documentation of post-nebulization assessment, follow-up appointment, and referral to asthma clinic were found in 37%, 23% and 11% of cases respectively. No documented evidence was found for referral to chest specialist or spirometry. Our study indicates major deficiencies in the documentation of asthma exacerbation management among PCPs. Further research is needed to identify the causes of those deficiencies. Following the standardised management protocol can be helpful

Prevalence of hydatid cyst in slaughtered animals in Sulaimani City and Saedsadq district

Background and Objectives: Hydatidosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases that cause considerable economic losses and public health problems worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the seropositive aspect of hydatid disease in people and infection rate among slaughtered animals' [sheep, goat and cattle]. Samples from two areas of Sulaimani governorate, the Sulaimani city and Saedsadq were investigated from April to October 2006. In the animal study, examination of the internal organs [liver, lungs, spleen and heart] were performed .In Sulaimani, infection rates were [1.5% of sheep, 0.5% of goats and 0.2% of cattle], while in Saedsadq infection rate were significantly higher [7.5%, 2.8% and 1.7%] respectively. Liver infection was more common than other organs in all animals. Animals more than 2 years old were more infected in all species, Majority of cysts were fertile in sheep. In cattle majority f cysts were sterile

Conclusion: Most of the cysts in sheep and goats are fertile, and in cattle are sterile

[Relationship between mealtime glucose excursions and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients]

Monitoring glycemic status, as performed by patients and healthy care providers, is considered the cornerstone of diabetes care. Recent studies have shown that fasting plasma glucose [FPG] measurements alone do not provide an overall picture of disease prognosis and associated complications. This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of utilizing post-prandial glucose excursion test as a predictor of glycemic control during treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was carried on 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ranked into good glycemic control group [12 patients] and poor glycemic control group [12 patients] according to the criteria of evaluation of FPG. Twelve healthy subjects were selected and served as controls for comparison of the studied parameters. Fasting levels of plasma glucose, C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin and post-prandial glucose excursion profile were measured. The results indicated that fasting plasma glucose [FPG] can not be used as only predictor for determining proper acute and chronic glycemic control during drug therapy of type 2 D.M. and post-prandial glucose excursion [PPGE] test was recommended as a more suitable procedure for diagnosis and treatment follow up of type 2 D.M. patients. PPGE test can be considered as a more convenient way to follow glycemic control status during treatment of type 2 DM

Risk factors for febrile seizures: a matched case control study

A matched case control study was conducted over 6 months period from the 1[st] of November 1999 to 30[th] of April 2000 at the maternity and children hospital in Ramadi city with the aim of determining the risk factors that might lead to development of febrile seizures. One hundred patients with febrile seizures admitted to the causality department, aged 6-60 months were matched with another one hundred child having fever but without seizure with the same age range, attending the same hospital during the same period. The mean age and standard deviation for cases was 25.8 +/- 15.19 months and for control was 29.9 +/- 18.5 months .sixty four percent has febrile seizure for the first time and 36%had recurrent febrile seizures. The mean age and standard deviation for the first FSs was 23.54 +/- 12.8 months and for recurrent FSs was 29.83 +/- 12.5 months. This was statistically not significant. The majority of the cases were between 12 -24 months with a peak at the age of 18 -19 months. Respiratory infections were not found to be a risk factor for FSs when compared with control. Male sex, degree of temperature on admission, presence of family history or epilepsy, developmental delay, anemia and admission to neonatal care unite were found to a significant risk factor for occurrence of febrile seizures. Patients are susceptible to develop another attack of seizure at a lower temperature after their first attack

total and photo peak relative efficiency measurement for NaI[T1] detector

In the present work, total and photo peak relative efficiency were measured for NaI[T1]. Two radioactive sources [Co-60 and Cs- 137] with detector NaI[T1] by size [3 " x 3 "] were used. The range of angles [10 °-90 °] and the range of distance between the sources and crystal [10-30] cm. The experimental results show: When increasing the angle the photo peak relative efficiency increasing. And increasing it's the total relative efficiency increase until [50 °] after these angle the total efficiency decrease. The photo peak relative efficiency increasing with increasing and also the total relative efficiency same behavior

study of the effect of thickness scattered material on the backscattering photons in the energy spectrum of the NaI detector

Two radioactive sources [Co-60 and Cs-137] were used, also lead material with thickness [1-5 mm], was used to study the effective back scattered photons from shielding material. The ratio of scattering area to the total increase, until saturation thickness, and then these ratio will fix, while the ratio of photo peak to the total net photo peak to the total decreases. Until saturation thickness, and then these ratio will fix, for all distance used between radioactive sources and the NaI[T1] detector. But by increase the energy the saturation thickness increase

Colorectal cancer in Mosul province how does it present

Although colonic cancer incidence in Mosul province is uncommon compared to other countries, but still we see more patients mainly of the young age group with the majority of victims presented acutely with advanced stage, to prove that we must continue to rely on clinical findings for detecting this cancer, to keep colorectal cancer on the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal symptoms and still careful history and proper physical examination are the usual methods for suspecting colorectal cancer

Methods: a retrospective study of patients with colorectal cancer treated in Mosul hospitals between January 1981 to December 2000 clinical data were carefully analyzed with special attention to clinical presention, management and the characteristics of the cancer

Results: 279 patients with colorectal tumors, included in this study, male patients 169[60.4%], female patients were 110[39.4%], male to female ratio were 1.5411, male patients predominating in all age groups, 193 [69.2%] of patients were below 60 [sixty] years of age, and more than 50% of cancer located distal to splenic flexure. The most common clinical presentation were, abdominal pains, intestinal obstruction, and palpable mass [40. 5%], [32.2%], [26. 5%] respectively. Sixty-eight percent of patients presented with Duke. C [50. 2%], while D [18. 3%], this means late presentation

Conclusion: one third of patient presented acutely as intestinal obstruction and more than two third, in advanced stage, there were definite delays in early detection of colorectal cancer and we must continue to rely on clinical findings at presentation and to keep colorectal cancer on the differential diagnosis of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms

Hydatid disease in Ninevah province

Between January 1992 and January 1994, 313 patients with hydatid disease were admitted to the surgical units of Mosul general teaching and private hospitals of whom 260 cases [83%] were treated surgically. The majority 221 [71%] were females, the youngest was a girl 2 years old, the oldest was a man of 95. The liver was the site of the cyst in 208 [66.4%]. Other sites involved included the lungs in 98 cases [31.3%], Spleen 21 cases [6.7%], peritoneal cavity 8 cases [2.5%], brain 7 cases [2.2%], kidneys 4 cases [1.3%], and breasts, uterus, bones, ribs, and skeletal muscles one case [0.3%] for each. More than fifty [51%] patients presented with a single cyst. The incidence of the disease was high in the third and fourth decade. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed mainly by X-ray of the chest, CT scan of the brain and ultrasonography of the abdomen. Casoni and Ecchinococcus tests were done occasionlly. This study cofirms that hydatidosis is endemic in Ninavah province, no age is exempt from it and no organ or tissue is immune to the disease. Its prevention is one of our public health problems

study of traumatic cases admitted to saddam general hospital in Mosul during 1992

This is a study of different aspects of the problem of urgent traumatic cases admitted to the Accident and Emergency Department Saddam General Hospital, Mosul The study presents Information on the magnitude of the problem facing an accident department. The emphasis is on the pattern of injuries and on those who really need admission. A total number of 2810 traumatic cases were admitted to the Accident and Emergency Department during the period from January 1992 to January 1993. The patients were evaluated and classified according to age, sex, type and cause of injuries, timing of admission and hospital stay. The result shows that the majority of patients were male [72%] with male: female ratio of 2.6:1.0 and children aged below 10 years constituted [31.3%]. The average time of hospitalization was 2.4 days and majority of cases [86.8%] were discharged shortly after arrival. Most of the cases [48%] were due to direct blunt trauma, fall comes next [24.3%] The commonest time of admission was between 3 pm to 12 midnight, and 8 am to 3 pm [52.2%] and [42.2%] respectively. August, September and October were the months of high Incidence [37%]. The implication of these findings on future planning is discussed

Assessment of the value of dilatation and curettage in 323 patients with irregular uterine bleeding

In 323 cases of dilatation and curettage carried out over a twelve month period [1982] in pre-menopausal women with irregular uterine bleeding, the pick-up rate of endometrial malignancy was very low [only one case of endometrial carcinoma]. The yield of other endometrial pathology [e.g retained product of conception] was significantly high. It is suggested that the selection of cases for dilation and curettage under general anaesthesia could be improved