ABSTRACT
Background: a debilitating disorder such as Schizophrenia would have a bad prognosis if it would be mixed with Major Depressive disorder. It is obvious that treating this latter manageable problem accompanied with better prognosis for the former disorder
Materials and Methods: 243 schizophrenic patient in the different phases of treatment [Acute, partial remission, under control] Beck depression Inventory was done. Cut of point for assuming Major depressive disorder was 30
Results: 80% of patients were in the ages between 17-38.17% in acute phase of disorder, 30%in partial remission and 52% were under control. The rate of major depressive disorder in Acute phase 88%; in partial remission group 45%and in under control group 25%
Conclusion: the frequency of major depressive disorder in Schizophrenic patients [in different phases of treatment] were nearly 40%.This rate was higher in women, singles, divorced, unemployed and in lower levels of education. Major depressive disorders were lower in patients who were in under control phase till in partial remission or acute phase
ABSTRACT
Background: chronic dialysis patients often fail to produce protective antibodies to hepatitis B virus surface antigen after vaccination towards hepatitis B virus [HBV]. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of GM-CSF as adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in patients with ESRD
Materials and Methods: 41 consecutive patients with chronic renal failure [CRF], commenced on dialysis, were stratified to receive either 40 mg HBV vaccine at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months [group A, n = 19] or 3 mg kg-1 GM-CSF on day 1 followed by the vaccination schedule described above [group B, n = 22]. All patients were negative for Hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antibodies to hepatitis C virus [anti-HCV] and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] serology. Titres of antibody to HBsAg [HBsAb] were quantitatively assayed, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], at 1, and 7 months from the first dose of vaccination
Results: only 42.1% of the patients in group A developed protective antibody levels [mean HBsAb: 24.8 IU l-1] after first month and 63.2% of responders developed protective antibody levels [HBsAb >10 IU l-1] only after the senventh dose of vaccination. In contrast, 72.7% of patients in group B developed protective levels of HBsAb at the end of first month [mean HBsAb: 41.8 IU l-1] [P < 0.05]. 72.7% of the responders were protected after third dose of vaccination [P = 0.374]. No serious adverse effects of GM-CSF were observed in group B
Conclusion: our study showed improved seroprotection rates with HBV vaccine after GM-CSF administration