Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Personnel in a Hospital Setting in Parakou in 2017

Aims: To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care personnel regarding venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis (VTE) in the hospital setting to Parakou in 2017. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of medicine and medical specialties, Departments of surgery and surgical specialties, Departments of gyneco-obstetrics and intensive care at the Hospital University of Parakou (CHUD-B), in northern Benin, between February 2017 and May 2017. Methodology: We included all health professionals working in these services who consented to participate. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for the management of VTE were used as the reference for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices. The evaluation form consisted of two parts, one addressed to physicians and the other to paramedics. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software with a significance level of 5% for comparisons. Results: A total of 223 health workers participated in the study. The knowledge level of the health workers was good in 52.47%, attitudes were correct in 37.67% and practices were adequate in 4.32%. Overall, health professionals had a good knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) score in 5.83% of the cases. Factors significantly associated with a good overall KAP score were practice on medical departments, continuing education of staff, status of doctors, knowledge of VTE guidelines and existence of VTE prevention protocols. Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis is moderately known by the health care personnel in Parakou, but attitudes and practices are not satisfactory. This highlights the need for continuous training.

Physicians’ Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence In Medicine, Their Expectations And Concerns: An Online Mobile Survey

@#The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is on the rise in the healthcare industry. However, the study on the physicians’ perspectives is still lacking. The study aimed to examine physicians’ attitudes, expectations, and concerns regarding the application of AI in medicine. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2019 among physicians in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. The survey used a validated questionnaire from the literature, which covered: (1) socio-demographic profile; (2) attitude towards the application of AI; (3) expected application in medicine; and (4) possible risks of using AI. Comparison of the mean score between the groups using a t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 112 physicians participated in the study: 64.3% from the clinical departments; 35.7% from the non-clinical specialties. The physicians from non-clinical departments had significantly higher mean attitude score (mean = 14.94 ± 3.12) compared to the clinical (person-oriented) departments (mean = 14.13 ± 3.10) and clinical (technique-oriented) departments (mean = 13.06 ± 2.88) (p = 0.033). The tech-savvy participants had a significantly higher mean attitude score (mean = 14.72 ± 3.55) than the non–tech-savvy participants (mean = 13.21 ± 2.46) (p = 0.01). There are differences in the expectations among the respondents and some concerns exist especially on the legal aspect of AI application in medicine. Proper training and orientation should precede its implementation and must be appropriate to the physicians’ needs for its utilization and sustainability.

Radiograph’s Reject Rate Among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Dental Undergraduates And Its Implications Analisa Kadar Penolakan Imej Radiograf dan Implikasinya di Kalangan Pelajar Prasiswazah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the reject rate of periapical and bitewing radiographs among dental undergraduate students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), identify the type of radiographic errors which are frequently encountered and compare reject rates between Year 3, Year 4 and Year 5 dental undergraduates. 118 rejected periapical radiographs and 27 rejected bitewing radiographs were collected from the UKM dental undergraduates’ polyclinics for a duration of 10 months. These rejected radiographs were further evaluated to determine the type of radiographic error. A spiking increase in periapical radiographs reject rate from Year 3 (4%) to Year 4 (11%) was observed. This finding was consistent with the statistically significant difference in the periapical radiographs reject rates for Year 3 and Year 4 (p = 0.0475). In periapical radiographs, the most frequently committed radiographic error was apical cut, followed by high density film. Vice versa, high density film was accounted as the most common radiographic error in bitewing radiography. Analysis of periapical and bitewing radiographs’ reject rates among UKM dental undergraduate entails the necessity to supervise undergraduate students regardless of the year of their undergraduate training in all aspects of the radiographic procedures which include positioning radiographic armamentarium, the setting of radiographic exposure time and the film processing procedure.

Dentition and Risk of Malnutrition among Elderly Patients in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the dentition status and its association with the risk of malnutrition among a group of elderly patients in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly patients who attended dental clinics in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Data on oral health conditions namely the number of teeth, number of posterior occluding pairs, and denture status were gathered from patients’ dental records. The nutritional status of respondents was determined using the Malay version of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) followed by Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Chi-square test of association, and correlation coefficient test. Results: Total tooth loss (edentulous) was seen in 31 (28.4%) patients from a total of 109 respondents. From those who still had natural teeth, 65.4% had less than 20 teeth. Based on the MNA score, only 1.8% were malnourished. The majority of them (78.9%) had normal nutritional status while 19.3% were at risk of malnutrition. Patients with lower education levels showed significantly lower mean MNA score and number of teeth. No significant association was noted between MNA scores and the number of teeth present. A slightly higher percentage of patients with less than 20 teeth (22.0%) were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished compared to those with more than 20 teeth (12.0%) but no significant association was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant association observed between the number of teeth and the risk of malnutrition among patients undergoing dental treatment in UKM

The outcome evaluation between two different curriculum: students' retention capacity based on comparative study in Indonesia / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of two different curriculum in clinical pathology using students' retention capacity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2017. There were two groups of students enrolled in clinical pathology course. A retention test therefore was conducted 5 months after the course had finished using 25 multiple choice questions-single best answer. Comparisons of means are determined by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). RESULTS: A total of 280 students participated in the study of a 5-month post-course evaluation, and the average for the first group (n=138) is 10.93±3.57 while the second group (n=142) average is 8.56±3.19. The difference between the first and the second group are statistically significant (p<0.00001). CONCLUSION: The group with longer duration and more number of parallel courses had a higher retention score. Further research using retention test in different courses should be conducted to analyze which curriculum that promotes students' understanding of medical knowledge.

The outcome evaluation between two different curriculum: students' retention capacity based on comparative study in Indonesia / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE@#To compare the outcome of two different curriculum in clinical pathology using students' retention capacity.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2017. There were two groups of students enrolled in clinical pathology course. A retention test therefore was conducted 5 months after the course had finished using 25 multiple choice questions-single best answer. Comparisons of means are determined by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA).@*RESULTS@#A total of 280 students participated in the study of a 5-month post-course evaluation, and the average for the first group (n=138) is 10.93±3.57 while the second group (n=142) average is 8.56±3.19. The difference between the first and the second group are statistically significant (p<0.00001).@*CONCLUSION@#The group with longer duration and more number of parallel courses had a higher retention score. Further research using retention test in different courses should be conducted to analyze which curriculum that promotes students' understanding of medical knowledge.

Anti-bio gram of the most common dietary additives [spices] against common problematic organisms

Background: In the current scenario, the greater antibiotic toxicity, increasing drug cost, and continually rising multi drug resistance are the main compelling factors for the researchers to focus on natural bioactive sources for safe and natural therapeutic agents as an alternative to allopathic antibiotic

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to investigate antimicrobial potential of most commonly used kitchen spices in an attempt to explore the natural bioactive sources for natural therapeutic agents as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics, against which there is a continuous rise in multi-drug resistant pathogens

Study design: Experimental/in vitro study conducted [from Sep, 2015 to Feb, 2016] in different departments [of School of Pharmacy, Pathology and Bio-chemistry of UM and DC], The University- of Faisalabad

Methodology: Antibiotics assay is performed by using the disc diffusion methods. Clove and Cinnamon extracts are prepared and from these sensitivity discs are prepared. Standard size inoculum is also prepared. Then by using standard disc diffusion method the zones of inhibitions produced by Clove and Cinnamon extracts are measured and recorded, and is compared with positive and negative controls

Results: Spice extracts of Clove and Cinnamon tested against test organisms revealed antimicrobial potency with diameter of zone of inhibition [13.33+/-0.33mm to 20.50+/-0.72mm] and [12.17+/-0.31mm to 15.67+/-0.49mm] respectively while positive control manifested zone of inhibition [19.33+/-0.21mm to 29.50+/-0.22mm]. Ethanol extracts prepared by soxhlet apparatus showed better results compared with extracts prepared by simple maceration process. Furthermore, overall ethanol extracts showed better results compared with the aqueous extracts. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by two-way analysis of variance [SPSS]

Conclusion: This study reported the presence of natural bioactive compound[s] in Clove and Cinnamon with highly significant broad spectrum antibacterial potential, even against multi drug resistant pathogens

Anti-Microbial potential of Panacea [Nigella Sativa]

Background: In the existing scenario, increasing drug cost, toxic effects and drug resistance or the main motivating factors for researchers to exploit the natural bioactive sources for safe and natural therapeutic as an alternative to antibiotics

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find out the antimicrobial potential, its spectrum and magnitude in N.sativa

Study Design: Experimental/in vitro study

Duration: September, 2016 - February, 2017

Settings: Different departments [of School of Pharmacy, Pathology and Bio-chemistry of UM and DC], The University of Faisalabad

Methodology: Antibiotics assay is performed by using the disc diffusion methods. N.sativa extracts are prepared and from these sensitivity discs are prepared. Standard size inoculum is also prepared. Then by using standard disc diffusion method the zones of inhibitions produced by N.sativa extracts are measured and recorded in mm and is compared with positive and negative controls

Results: Spice extract tested against test organisms revealed antimicrobial potency with diameter of zone of inhibition [27.17+/-0.98mm - 31.33+/-0.21mm] while positive control manifested zone of inhibition [19.33+/-0.21 - 29.17+/-0.17mm]. Ethanol extracts prepared by Soxhlet apparatus showed better results compared with extracts prepared by simple maceration process. Furthermore, overall ethanol extracts showed better results compared with the aqueous extracts

Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of natural bioactive compound[s] in N.sativa with highly significant broad spectrum antibacterial potential, even against multi resistant pathogens

External Marker in Bisecting-Angle-Technique: A New Approach to Minimize Dental Radiographic Error

Bisecting-angle-technique is a method used to improve patient comfort during periapical radiography. This technique is usually performed without X-ray beam aiming device and has been commonly associated with dental radiographic error. The use of external marker as a beam aiming device in bisecting-angle-technique is potentially effective to reduce the number of errors occurring during periapical radiography. In this study, 240 periapical radiographs were taken by undergraduate dental students. Periapical radiographs were taken using traditional method of bisecting-angle-technique (BAT), bisecting-angle-technique with the use of external marker (BAT-M) and the standard method in periapical radiography; paralleling technique (PT). All radiographic images were evaluated and errors were classified and tabled according to the type and number of errors. Chi-square test was used to compare the total number of radiographic errors made using these three techniques. One of the most common errors with BAT was cone cut error (13.8%). This error had been markedly reduced to 1.3% and 2.5% by implementation of BAT-M and PT, respectively. The total number of errors was also found to be significantly lesser for BAT-M compared to BAT, p< 0.05.

In-vitro comparative study of marginal leakage and penetration ability of moisture-tolerant and conventional resin-based pit and fissure sealants with different surface preparations

This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the marginal leakage and penetration ability of a moisture-tolerant (Embrace WetBondTM) and a conventional (ClinproTM) resin-based sealants under three different enamel surface preparations (acid etched, acid etched and saliva contaminated and bur preparation and acid etched). One hundred and twenty extracted caries free human premolars teeth were cleaned and randomly divided into six groups of equal numbers, according to the type of sealants used and surface preparations. All the sealed teeth were subjected to thermocycling and immersed in a methylene blue dye. Each tooth was then embedded into acrylic resin before it was sectioned into four sections per tooth. Marginal leakage and unfilled surface area (indicating penetration depth of resin) were then measured using an optical 3D measurement device (Alicona Infinite Focus®). Both sealants exhibited comparable proportion of marginal leakage on acid etched only surfaces. Moisture-tolerant sealant showed the least proportion of marginal leakage on bur prepared and etched surfaces. Presence of saliva has detrimental effect on adhesion of both sealants. Nevertheless, depth of penetration of sealant into the fissures is comparable with both sealant types irrespective of the surface preparations.

Usage of Library Resources By Medical Students and Faculty Members of IIMSR, Integral University Lucknow: A Case Study.

Information is very pivotal for students in their learning process and they dwell it into different sources to meet their information needs. The present study employed to gather data from medical students of IIMSR on the various types of information sources they use. The study results that print materials are the major information resource in comparison to other resources (E-resources) used by the medical students, who are daily users in the IIMSR library. Asking help from Teachers and Librarians ranked highest among sources contacted for information. Easy access and availability of information sources in the library were the most aided characteristics when looking for information. Student’s objection in getting information resources includes lack of time, location of library and attitude of management. The findings of this study demands increasing of information sources beyond print resources, collaboration between faculties and librarian, periodic updates from the library and guidance in the area of information resources are recommended.

A Preliminary Study of Malay and Chinese Bite Mark in UKM Using Dental Wax / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

Identifi cation of unknown suspect through bite marks has always been challenging. Narrowing list of suspects through sex and race markers is always recommend but rarely utilized due to limited publication in this area. Thus, this preliminary research was aimed to study the difference of bite mark made on dental wax between sex and race. A sample size of 40 UKM undergraduates comprising of Malay (male = 10, female = 10) and Chinese (male = 10, female = 10) were used in this study. Bite mark of subject was obtained through dental wax, digitally scanned and analyzed using Image-J software. Parameters measured were anterior teeth size, intercanine width and anterior teeth relative rotation. Result indicated that mandible left canine tooth size had signifi cant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.05) in differentiating sex. The means for male and female measured were 4.63 ± 1.05 mm and 5.35 ± 0.87 mm respectively. In addition to the result, tooth size of maxillary left canine and mandible left lateral incisor were signifi cantly different (p < 0.05) between races. Means for mandible left canine Malay and Chinese were 5.27 ± 1.01 mm and 4.50 ± 1.22 mm respectively. Furthermore, left lateral incisor mandible had means of 5.15 ± 0.87 mm and 4.60 ± 0.74 mm for Malay and Chinese respectively. Unfortunately, there were no signifi cant differences for intercanine width and anterior teeth relative rotation between the two major races in Malaysia. In conclusion, this research has demonstrated the possibility of using tooth size of mandible left canine, maxillary left canine and mandible left lateral discriminate sex and race.

Screening of aphrodisiac property in sea slug, Aplysia dactylomela

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the aphrodisiac property of Aplysia dactylomela (A. dactylomelan), locally known as 'dugu-dugu', which is one of the sea slug species.@*METHODS@#Two types of extractions were used; aqueous and lipid. Three doses of each A. dactylomelan extract, respectively; 50, 100, 200 mg/kg were administered (i.p.) to male mice for mounting behavior test. Sildenafil citrate or Viagra® (5 mg/kg) being positive control while negative control received saline solution.@*RESULTS@#The animals treated with lipid extract at the respective dose exhibited mounting behavior, but the mounting frequency decreased at higher doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). However, all doses of aqueous extract did not show any mounting behavior. Meanwhile, in all doses of lipid extracts administered displayed significant difference (P<0.05) from the positive control. Despite this, only the lipid extract of 50 mg/kg showed significant difference (P<0.05) with negative control. This signifies that lipid extracts especially in dose 50 mg/kg have a substantial effect of aphrodisiac property. In addition, the presence of steroids was detected in the phytochemical screening of lipid extract.@*CONLUSIONS@#The findings from this study provides preliminary scientific evidence that A. dactylomela could be used as an alternative medication of natural product for promoting sexual activity in men.

Screening of aphrodisiac property in sea slug, Aplysia dactylomela

Objective: To evaluate the aphrodisiac property of Aplysia dactylomela (A. dactylomelan), locally known as 'dugu-dugu', which is one of the sea slug species. Methods: Two types of extractions were used; aqueous and lipid. Three doses of each A. dactylomelan extract, respectively; 50, 100, 200 mg/kg were administered (i.p.) to male mice for mounting behavior test. Sildenafil citrate or Viagra® (5 mg/kg) being positive control while negative control received saline solution. Results: The animals treated with lipid extract at the respective dose exhibited mounting behavior, but the mounting frequency decreased at higher doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). However, all doses of aqueous extract did not show any mounting behavior. Meanwhile, in all doses of lipid extracts administered displayed significant difference (P<0.05) from the positive control. Despite this, only the lipid extract of 50 mg/kg showed significant difference (P<0.05) with negative control. This signifies that lipid extracts especially in dose 50 mg/kg have a substantial effect of aphrodisiac property. In addition, the presence of steroids was detected in the phytochemical screening of lipid extract. Conlusions: The findings from this study provides preliminary scientific evidence that A. dactylomela could be used as an alternative medication of natural product for promoting sexual activity in men.

Effect of bicalutamide; an antiandrogen, on testicular weight in adult rats

To study the effect of Bicalutamide on testicular weight in adult rats. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Anatomy Department, Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute [AFPGMI], Rawalpindi, Pakistan in collaboration with National Veterinary Laboratories [NVL], Islamabad, Pakistan from April to May 2008. Forty adult male healthy Sprague Dawley rats with no physical deformity weighing 200-300 grams were randomly divided into two groups [A and B], each consisting of 20 animals each. Group A was taken as control group and was administered 5 ml of distilled water orally daily for 24 days while group B [experimental group] was given 5 ml of distilled water daily containing bicalutamide 10 mg/kg/day for 24 days. All the animals were sacrificed on the next day after the last dose. The testes were taken out and weighed. In addition to initial and final weights of the animals, weights of right and left testes were also taken, and their average was taken as a reading for that animal. Statistically significant difference was found in reduction of testicular weights in the testes of experimental group [1.112 +/- 0.018 g] when compared with the control group [1.169 +/- 0.011 g]. The results obtained showed that the mean testicular weight of the testes was significantly reduced in the experimental group thus confirming that bicalutamide reduces testicular weights in the Sprague - Dawley rats

Histopathological patterns of endometrium in women with abnormal uterine bleeding in akhtar saeed medical college

Perimenopause or menopausal transition is the period in which a woman's body makes a natural shift from more-or-less regular cycles of ovulation and menstruation towards menopause

Materials and Methods: A retrospective age specific comparative analysis of 45 perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was done who underwent endometrial sampling during 8 months period from January 2014 to August 2014 at the Akhtar Saeed, Hospital. Endometrial tissue collected by sampling procedures such as dilatation and curettage [D and C], endometrial biopsy and fractional curettage had been sent to the pathology laboratory, Akhtar Saeed Medical college, Lahore for evaluation

Results: The most common clinical presentation was represented by menorrhagia [70%] followed by metrorrhagia [15%], polymenorrhagia [15%]. Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various patterns on histopathology. Secretory endometrium seen in 14 cases [31%] was the most common out of which late secretory endometrium on histopathology was seen in 08 patients [17.7%], early secretory endometrium on histopathology seen in 05 cases [11%], while mid secretory seen in one case. Proliferative endometrium seen in 13 cases [28.8%] was the second most common pathology. Endometrial hyperplasia was seen in 09 [20%] patients who presented with atypical uterine bleeding . Adenocarcinoma seen in 05 cases [11%], inactive endometrium is seen in 03 cases [6.66%]. Hormonal imbalance seen in 01 case [2,22%]

Conclusion: A significant number show underlying organic pathologies thus highlighting the significance of endometrial curetting and biopsy as a diagnostic procedure

Cytoprotective activity of mulberry leaf extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury in rats

Morus alba Linn. [MA], mulberry leaves have been used as a beverage for prevention of various diseases including hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Recently, the antioxidant activities of the MA leaf extract have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the MA leaf extract on free radical-induced cellular injury. In the in vitro models, the extract scavenged stable free radical [1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; DPPH] in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC[50] of 20.10 +/- 0.78 micro g/ml. The extract protected the erythrocytes from free radical [2, 2'-azobis [2-amidinopropane] dihydrochloride; AAPH]-induced hemolysis with an IC[50] of 74.22 +/- 9.87 micro g/ml. Additionally, the extract significantly prevented the gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion [I/R] in rats when given orally at doses of 0.25 and 0.50 g/kg/day for 3 consecutive days [p<0.05; n=7]. However, this effect was not found when the higher doses [1 and 2 g/kg/day] of the extract were tested. In conclusion, these results indicate that the MA leaf extract possesses the cytoprotective activity against free radical-induced cell injury. Therefore, when given at the appropriate dose range, the mulberry leaf may potentially be used as a food supplement in patients with certain diseases in which the oxidative stress-induced cellular injury is pathologically involved

Anatomic variations of origin and branches of common hepatic artery - a cadaveric and peroperative study

To find out the variational pattern of common hepatic artery and to contribute to the knowledge of the hepatic vascular anatomy with the experience obtained in the dissection of the hepatic vascularization on cadavers as well as during peroperative procedures. A Descriptive study. Study was of six months duration conducted at the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the departments of Anatomy of medical institutes on cadavers and in hospitals, where surgeries were performed on patients on hepato-biliary-pancreatic areas. A total of 70 cases were included, out of which 60 cadavers were dissected in various medical institutes while ten cases were assisted/observed during surgery in various hospitals. After identifying common hepatic artery, any abnormality or variation in its course/branching pattern were noted and pictures were taken with Nikon coolpix 4 Megapixel digital camera with 3 X optical zoom. Significance of the results was determined by comparing the results with the classification of origin of hepatic artery, its relations and branching pattern in relation to studies already conducted. Common hepatic artery was present and originated from celiac trunk in all 70 [100%] specimens. In all cases, common hepatic artery was entirely to left of common hepatic duct and common bile duct and was ventral to portal vein. Forty eight [68.5%] cases had typical classic textbook branching pattern. Overall result showed variational pattern in 22 [31.4%] cases, observed in branching pattern and relations. Regarding the aberrant arteries a total of 18 [25.7%] were present in relation to common hepatic artery and its branches, out of which 9 [12.8%] were present as single [accessory/replaced] and 9 [12.8%] were present as more than one [accessory/replaced]. In 13 [18.6%] cases, aberrant arteries originated from common hepatic artery directly. This study highlight the fact that the hepatic arterial supply is variable and that different anatomic variants can occur in a high percentage of cases

morphological study of celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries in atherosclerosis

Depolymerisation of acid-mucopolysaccharides results in the loss of metachormasia of the ground substance followed by visible fibre crumbling, complete dissolution and replacement by lipid droplets and cholesterol. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of different atherosclerotic lesions in celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries relation to age and sex. A prospective descriptive observation study was conducted at Mortuary of King Edward Medical University Lahore, and Department of Pathology Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 30 human autopsies were carried out. Celiac, Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries were taken out and opened length-wise. One to four areas of tissue were taken from each artery for histological examination. Slides were prepared from each paraffin block. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Special stains were performed on sections to display each component of atherosclerosis. The fibrolipid plaques were seen in 6 cases. The complicated lesions were present in 5 cases. Of these, 4 showed ulceration and 1 showed thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were observed in 5 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were present in 4 cases. In superior mesenteric artery fatty streaks were present in 8 cases. The fibrolipid plaques were confirmed in 5 cases. Three cases showed ulceration, 1 case showed intimal vascularisation, haemorrhage, and thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were present in 2 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were seen in 4 cases in anterior mesenteric artery. Fatty streaks were present in 8 cases. The fibrolipid plaques were grossly observed in 6 cases. The complicated lesions were present in 4 cases; of these, 3 cases showed ulceration, and 1 showed intimal vascularisation and haemorrhage along with thrombus formation. The calcified lesions were present in 3 cases. The morphological changes in media and elastica were present in 4 cases. This data indicates the incidence of ischemic changes in abdominal viscera due to atherosclerotic narrowing.