ABSTRACT
Background: Central serous retinopathy [CSR] is an idiopathic disorder of the macula characterized by serous elevation of the neurosensory retina at the posterior pole caused primarily by leaky choriocapillaries. On fundus fluorescein angiography [FFA], two typical patterns of this leakage are defined as inkblot and smoke stalk appearance. But atypical and unusual patterns also occur that can produce difficulty in diagnosis
Objective: To determine the spectrum of atypical presentations of CSR on FFA
Patients and Methods: All patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of CSR and referred for FFA were included in this descriptive study. After taking consent, FFA was performed and the results were analyzed for atypical features of this disorder. Where FFA features were not conclusive an optical coherence tomography [OCT] was also performed to aid further evaluation
Result: 12 out of 23 patients had atypical FFAfeatures. These include multiple inkblots in one eye, multiple inkblots in both eyes, ink blot and smoke stalk in the same eye, CSR with pigment epithelial detachment in which only the pigment epithelial detachment shows up on FFA, CSR with choroidal eovascularisation in which the CNV only shows on FFA and CSR with no leakage on FFA
Conclusion: Atypical presentations of CSR can cause diagnostic problems. The ophthalmologist must be aware of these features. Furthermore, these cases should be worked up for associated systemic / ocular disease
ABSTRACT
Background: Central serous retinopathy [CSR] is an idiopathic disorder of the macula characterized by serous elevation of the neurosensory retina at the posterior pole caused primarily by leaky choriocapillaries. On fundus fluorescein angiography [FFA], two typical patterns of this leakage are defined as inkblot and smoke stalk appearance. But atypical and unusual patterns also occur that can produce difficulty in diagnosis
Objective: To determine the spectrum of atypical presentations of CSR on FFA
Patients and Methods: All patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of CSR and referred for FFA were included in this descriptive study. After taking consent, FFA was performed and the results were analyzed for atypical features of this disorder. Where FFA features were not conclusive an optical coherence tomography [OCT] was also performed to aid further evaluation
Result: 12 out of 23 patients had atypical FFA features. These include multiple inkblots in one eye, multiple inkblots in both eyes, ink blot and smoke stalk in the same eye, CSR with pigment epithelial detachment in which only the pigment epithelial detachment shows up on FFA, CSR with choroidal eovascularisation in which the CNV only shows on FFA and CSR with no leakage on FFA
Conclusion: Atypical presentations of CSR can cause diagnostic problems. The ophthalmologist must be aware of these features. Furthermore, these cases should be worked up for associated systemic / ocular disease