ABSTRACT
Healthy eating and physical activity habits formed during childhood can persist into adulthood and prevent or delay premature onset of a number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was patterns of physical activity and dietary habit in relation to weight status in adolescent girls. In a cross sectional study, using two stage cluster sampling 256 adolescent girls were randomly selected from 8 Semnan secondary schools. Weigh and height were measured and Body Mass Index [BMI] was calculated. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific BMI. Data of energy and nutrient intake was collected with the 24-hour dietary recall and food record questionnaires. The food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate daily food consumption. Physical activity was determined using Baecke questionnaire. Data analyzed indicated that daily fat intake [p=0.003, r=+0.18], energy percent of fat [p=0.04, r=+0.01] and fast food frequency [p=0.026, r=+0.139] had significant relationship with BMI percentile. There was a significant relationship between snack frequency and weight status in high school adolescent girls [p=0.023]. Data analyzed indicated that physical activity had significant relationship with weight status in adolescent girls [p= 0.0001]. The findings suggest that make physical activity enjoyable and improvement food habit among adolescent girls are necessary to induct
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease. Its association with low level of testosterone is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum total testosterone, free testosterone index [FTI], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG] in Iranian men with type 2 diabetic.A case-control study was conducted on 38 non-diabetic and 36 diabetic men aged 40-60 years old with Body Mass Index [BMI] 18-40 [kg/m2]. Fasting serum total testosterone, SHBG, FBS [Fasting Blood Sugar], HbA1C, and other hormone tests were measured. Logistic regression adjusted models was used to asses the association of total testosterone, free testosterone and SHBG level with type 2 diabetes.The mean age of participants was 47.7+/-5.7 years. Serum total testosterone, FTI, and SHBG had no difference between case and control groups. There was no significant difference in total testosterone, FTI and SHBG between the patient with and without glycemic control.Logistic regression analysis showed an inverse relationship for total testosterone in the lower tertile concentration and type 2 diabetes, but adjustment of HbA1c eliminated the correlation between total testosterone and diabetes. According to logistic regression analysis, SHBG and FTI were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes.Our findings suggest that serum testosterone level of the type 2 diabetics may not be lower than healthy subjects in Iranian men
ABSTRACT
Nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in human lifecycle. The aim of this study was Nutritional status and dietary intake among adolescent girls. In a cross sectional study, using two stage cluster sampling 256 adolescent girls were randomly selected from 8 Semnan secondary schools. Weight and height were measured and body mass index [BMI] was calculated. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific BMI. Data of energy and nutrient intake was collected with the 24-hour dietary recall and food record questionnaires. The results showed that the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese was 5.7%, 77.7%, 11.7%, and 4.7% in Semnan adolescent girls, respectively. In comparison with DRI recommended values, the intake of energy and some micronutrients such as vitamin B12, folate, calcium, zinc, and fiber was insufficient among adolescent girls in Semnan. Malnutrition [underweight and overweight] is higher than the expected rate. Findings of our study showed that micronutrients deficiency among adolescent girls is a major problem among adolescent girls in Semnan and prevention measures are necessary to induct
ABSTRACT
Overweight among adolescents is not only an important public health problem but also a problem affecting economic growth in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents at national level. This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Comprehensive Study on Household Food Consumption Patterns and Nutritional Status of IR Iran during 2001-2003. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific body mass index [BMI]. Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaire. Among the 7158 participating households, data on 7908 adolescents aged 11-19 years [3750 girls and 4158 boys] was analyzed. The prevalence of overweight [85-94th percentile] in boys and girls was 6.2%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity [>/= 95th percentile] among boys and girls was similar [3.3%]. Parents' weight status, father's job and parents' education showed significant association with weight status in adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father's job were the main parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents. Parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father's job seem to be the major parental determinants of overweight in Iranian adolescents. Future prevention programs must take these risk factors into account