ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess lifestyle patterns associated with weight loss in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) in the St Carlos Study. Design: A 3-year, randomized, interventional study with three parallel groups. Setting: A single-center, outpatient clinic-based study. Participants: 195 newly-diagnosed T2DM were randomized to either the intervention group (self monitoring of blood glucose with-or-without an exercise program), or to the HbA1c control group. The same lifestyle-intervention protocol was applied in all patients. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate adherence to recommended lifestyle changes. Main outcome measures: Patients were grouped by quartiles of body-weight loss at the end of follow-up. Analysis: Multivariate linear-regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent effect of lifestyle patterns on three-year weight loss. Results: Following a 3-year follow-up, median body weight loss was 2kg (IQR: -6/2.3). A higher level and an increase on physical activity, both leisure-time activity and sport exercise, and an increase in the nutrition score, mainly due to a higher consumption of nuts in substitution of cured sausages as snacks, and to a higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, whole grain cereals and fruits instead of juices, potatoes and white cereals, were associated to a greater weight loss (p<0.05). There was no association between low-fat diet and reduced body weight. Conclusions and Implications: The application of simple recommendations (enhanced vegetable consumption, nuts for snacks, fruit instead of juices, wholegrain instead of processed cereals, legumes instead of potatoes, increased daily walking and stairclimbing) can achieve long-term, sustained weight loss in T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo para evaluar la utilidad de la velocimetría Doppler en nuestro medio, en la detección y seguimiento de anormalidades materno-fetales en el último trimestre del embarazo. Se estudiaron 100 pacientes en el tercer trimestre de embarazo, remitidos a la unidad medica del C.E.S. entre enero de 1989 enero 1991. Se midieron las relaciones sístole/diástole (R sístole/diástole) en las arterias umbilical y cerebral media y se compararon con parámetros de bienestar fetal obtenidos de la historia clínica neonatal (peso, edad gestacional, Apgar 1 y 5 minutos, muerte neonatal y factor de riesgo materno). Del total de mediciones realizadas en arteria umbilical, 24 por ciento fueron anormales, cuando el Doppler fue anormal; 58.33 por ciento de los neonatos tuvieron apgar al minuto < 7; 41.67 por ciento tuvieron Apgar normal (>8). A los cinco minutos, el 33.33 por ciento de Doppler anormales continuaba con Apgar < 7 (P< 0.05); comparando el Doppler con la edad gestacional al nacimiento, de los 24 Doppler anormales, 62.5 por ciento de los neonatos fueron pretérmino, mientras que cuando el Doppler fue normal, 32.9 por ciento fueron pretérmino (P < 0.05)...