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1.
Oman Medical Journal. 2017; 32 (5): 403-408
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-188833

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis [VAT] is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in patients admitted to intensive care units [ICUs]. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical course, etiology, and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial agents of VAT in ICUs in Hamedan, Iran


Methods: During a 12-month period, all patients with VAT in a medical and a surgical ICU were included. The criteria for the diagnosis of VAT were fever, mucus production, a positive culture of tracheal secretions, and the absence of lung infiltration. Clinical course, including changes in temperature and tracheal secretions, and outcomes were followed. The endotracheal aspirates were cultured on blood agar and chocolate agar, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates were performed using the disk diffusion method


Results: Of the 1 070 ICU patients, 69 [6.4%] were diagnosed with VAT. The mean interval between the patient's intubation and the onset of symptoms was 4.7+/-8.5 days. The mean duration of response to treatment was 4.9+/-4.7 days. A total of 23 patients [33.3%] progressed to ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP], and 38 patients [55.0%] died. The most prevalent bacterial isolates included Acinetobacter baumannii [24.6%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [20.2%], and Enterobacter [13.0%]. P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter were the most prevalent bacteria in surgical ICU, and A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae were the most common in the medical ICU. All A. baumannii and Citrobacter species were multidrug-resistant [MDR]. MDR pathogens were more prevalent in medical ICU compared to surgical ICU [p < 0.001]


Conclusions: VAT increases the rates of progression to VAP, the need for tracheostomy, and the incidence of mortality in ICUs. Most bacterial agents of VAT are MDR. Preventive policies for VAP, including the use of ventilator care bundle, and appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for VAT may reduce the incidence of VAP

2.
Smile Dental Journal. 2014; 9 (1): 12-17
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-196974

ABSTRACT

Background: Dental implant is an artificial tooth root fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as amelogenin coating seem to enhance early pert-implant bone formation. The aim of the study was to study the expression of osteocalcin and collagen I as bone formation markers in amelogenin coated and uncoated implant in interval periods [1,2,4 and 6 weeks]


Materials and Methods: Commercially pure Titanium [cpTi] implants, coated with omelogenin protein, were placed in the tibias of 40 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of osteocalcin and collagen / were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for [1,2,4 and 6 weeks] healing intervals


Results: Histological finding for coated titanium implant with amelogenin illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for osteocalcin and collagen I was expressed by osteoblast cells [OB] at implants coated with amelogenin, indicating that bone formation andmaturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface


Conclusion: The present study concludes that coating of implants with amelogenin showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period

3.
JBMS-Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 1996; 8 (3): 172-4
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-41236
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