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OBJECTIVE@#The chemo-preventative and therapeutic properties of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been documented over recent decades and suggest the potential uses of SeNPs in medicine. Biogenic SeNPs have higher biocompatibility and stability than chemically synthesized nanoparticles, which enhances their medical applications, especially in the field of cancer therapy. This study evaluated the potential of green-synthetized SeNPs by using berberine (Ber) as an antitumor agent and elucidated the mechanism by which these molecules combat Ehrlich solid tumors (ESTs).@*METHODS@#SeNPs containing Ber (SeNPs-Ber) were synthesized using Ber and Na@*RESULTS@#Treatment with SeNPs-Ber significantly improved the survival rate and decreased the body weight and tumor size, compared to the EST group. SeNPs-Ber reduced oxidative stress in tumor tissue, as indicated by a decrease in the lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and an increase in the glutathione levels. Moreover, SeNPs-Ber activated an apoptotic cascade in the tumor cells by downregulating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression rate and upregulating the Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expression rates. SeNPs-Ber also considerably improved the histopathological alterations in the developed tumor tissue, compared to the EST group.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study provides a new insight into the potential role of green-synthesized SeNPs by using Ber as a promising anticancer agent, these molecules could be used alone or as supplementary medication during chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents , Antioxidants , Berberine , Nanoparticles , SeleniumABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Lung fibrosis is considered as an end stage for many lung diseases including lung inflammatory disease, autoimmune diseases and malignancy. There are limited therapeutic options with bad prognostic outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow on Bleomycin (BLM) induced lung fibrosis in albino rats. @*METHODS@#30 adult female albino rats were distributed randomly into 4 groups; negative control group, Bleomycin induced lung fibrosis group, lung fibrosis treated with bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) and lung fibrosis treated with cell free media. Lung fibrosis was induced with a single dose of intratracheal instillation of BLM. BM-MSCs or cell free media were injected intravenously 28 days after induction and rats were sacrificed after another 28 days for assessment. Minute respiratory volume (MRV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) were recorded using spirometer (Power lab data acquisition system). Histological assessment was performed by light microscopic examination of H&E, and Masson’s trichrome stained sections and was further supported by morphometric studies. In addition, electron microscopic examination to assess ultra-structural changes was done. Confocal Laser microscopy and PCR were used as tools to ensure MSCs homing in the lung. @*RESULTS@#Induction of lung fibrosis was confirmed by histological examination, which revealed disorganized lung architecture, thickened inter-alveolar septa due excessive collagen deposition together with inflammatory cellular infiltration. Moreover, pneumocytes depicted variable degenerative changes. Reduction in MRV, FVC and FEV1 were recorded. BM-MSCs treatment showed marked structural improvement with minimal cellular infiltration and collagen deposition and hence restored lung architecture, together with lung functions. @*CONCLUSION@#MSCs are promising potential therapy for lung fibrosis that could restore the normal structure and function of BLM induced lung fibrosis.
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BACKGROUND@#Lung fibrosis is considered as an end stage for many lung diseases including lung inflammatory disease, autoimmune diseases and malignancy. There are limited therapeutic options with bad prognostic outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow on Bleomycin (BLM) induced lung fibrosis in albino rats. @*METHODS@#30 adult female albino rats were distributed randomly into 4 groups; negative control group, Bleomycin induced lung fibrosis group, lung fibrosis treated with bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) and lung fibrosis treated with cell free media. Lung fibrosis was induced with a single dose of intratracheal instillation of BLM. BM-MSCs or cell free media were injected intravenously 28 days after induction and rats were sacrificed after another 28 days for assessment. Minute respiratory volume (MRV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) were recorded using spirometer (Power lab data acquisition system). Histological assessment was performed by light microscopic examination of H&E, and Masson’s trichrome stained sections and was further supported by morphometric studies. In addition, electron microscopic examination to assess ultra-structural changes was done. Confocal Laser microscopy and PCR were used as tools to ensure MSCs homing in the lung. @*RESULTS@#Induction of lung fibrosis was confirmed by histological examination, which revealed disorganized lung architecture, thickened inter-alveolar septa due excessive collagen deposition together with inflammatory cellular infiltration. Moreover, pneumocytes depicted variable degenerative changes. Reduction in MRV, FVC and FEV1 were recorded. BM-MSCs treatment showed marked structural improvement with minimal cellular infiltration and collagen deposition and hence restored lung architecture, together with lung functions. @*CONCLUSION@#MSCs are promising potential therapy for lung fibrosis that could restore the normal structure and function of BLM induced lung fibrosis.
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Purpose@#Bovine respiratory disease is a worldwide health concern in the feedlot cattle causing morbidity and mortality in young with major economic losses to the producer. Programs of vaccination are integral parts of preventive health programs. We aim to prepare and evaluate lyophilized combined inactivated viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV] genotypes 1 and 2, bovine herpes virus type 1.1 [BoHV-1.1], bovine parainfluenza-3 virus [BPI-3V], and bovine respiratory syncytial virus [BRSV]) vaccine using saponin as a solvent and adjuvant in cattle. @*Materials and Methods@#Lyophilized Pneumo-5 vaccine was formulated to include the inactivated BVDV genotypes 1 and 2, BoHV-1.1, BPI-3V, and BRSV. The saponin solution was used as an adjuvant and solvent. The prepared vaccines were adjusted to contain 1- and 1.5-mg saponin/dose. It was evaluated for its sterility, safety, and potency in mice and calves. The antibody titers in vaccinated calves were measured by virus neutralization test and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @*Results@#The Pneumo-5 vaccine was found to be free from any contaminants and safe in mice. Meanwhile, the vaccine showed safety in calves which inoculated intramuscularly with the double dose of the vaccines. The overall immune response reached its peak in the 2ndmonth post-vaccination. The vaccine contained saponin 1.5 mg/dose reached its antibodies peak in the 4th-week post-vaccination. All groups of vaccinated calves with both concentrations of the saponin did not show statistical significance in antibody titers measured by serum neutralization test and/or ELISA. @*Conclusion@#The prepared vaccine, namely Pneumo-5, and adjuvanted with either 1 or 1.5 mg/dose saponin was proved safe and potent for effectual protection of calves against BVDV genotypes 1 and 2, BoHV-1.1, BPI-3V, and BRSV.
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Purpose@#Bovine respiratory disease is a worldwide health concern in the feedlot cattle causing morbidity and mortality in young with major economic losses to the producer. Programs of vaccination are integral parts of preventive health programs. We aim to prepare and evaluate lyophilized combined inactivated viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV] genotypes 1 and 2, bovine herpes virus type 1.1 [BoHV-1.1], bovine parainfluenza-3 virus [BPI-3V], and bovine respiratory syncytial virus [BRSV]) vaccine using saponin as a solvent and adjuvant in cattle. @*Materials and Methods@#Lyophilized Pneumo-5 vaccine was formulated to include the inactivated BVDV genotypes 1 and 2, BoHV-1.1, BPI-3V, and BRSV. The saponin solution was used as an adjuvant and solvent. The prepared vaccines were adjusted to contain 1- and 1.5-mg saponin/dose. It was evaluated for its sterility, safety, and potency in mice and calves. The antibody titers in vaccinated calves were measured by virus neutralization test and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @*Results@#The Pneumo-5 vaccine was found to be free from any contaminants and safe in mice. Meanwhile, the vaccine showed safety in calves which inoculated intramuscularly with the double dose of the vaccines. The overall immune response reached its peak in the 2ndmonth post-vaccination. The vaccine contained saponin 1.5 mg/dose reached its antibodies peak in the 4th-week post-vaccination. All groups of vaccinated calves with both concentrations of the saponin did not show statistical significance in antibody titers measured by serum neutralization test and/or ELISA. @*Conclusion@#The prepared vaccine, namely Pneumo-5, and adjuvanted with either 1 or 1.5 mg/dose saponin was proved safe and potent for effectual protection of calves against BVDV genotypes 1 and 2, BoHV-1.1, BPI-3V, and BRSV.
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Several scoring systems were developed for prognosis and outcome prediction in sepsis.This study aims to evaluate the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR)as a prognosticp redictorinsepsis.The study included 50 adult septic patient sinapros pectiveobser vational study. Study excluded patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus. After clinical evaluation, urine spot samples were collected on admission and 24h later for ACR1 and ACR2.Admission APACHEIVscoreandthehighestrecordedSOFAscoreoftheirdailyestimationwereconsidered.Thisstudyalsoevaluatedtheneedformechanicalventilation,inotropicorvasoactivesupport,renalreplacementtherapy(RRT),andin-hospitalmortality.InapopulationwithMean±SD51.4±16.3(19-82)yearoldwith34(68%)males,wefoundthattheACR2iscorrelatedwithbothAPACHEIVandSOFAscores(P<0.001).ACR2washigherinpatientswhoneededmechanicalventilationandinotropicorvasoactivesupport[121(21-235)and166.5(89-235)mg/grespectively]comparedto[49(22-120)and56.5(21-211)mg/g],P<0.001inboth.ΔACR,ACR2,increasing AC Rand APACHEIVwerepredictorsofmortality.TheAUCformortalitypredictionwaslargestforΔACR(1),increasingACR(0.985),ACR2(0.963)thenAPACHEIV(0.90).∆ACRandACR2of91.5mg/gand-22was88.2%&100%sensitiveand90.9%&100%specificrespectivelytopredictmortality.WeconcludedthattheurinaryACRmightbeusedasasimpletestforprognosisandmortalitypredictioninsepsis
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@#Background: Most guidelines all over the world recommended metformin as the first-line treatment for in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study was suggested to assess the outcome of metformin administration and glycemic status on alterations in red blood cell (RBCs) indices as well as the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Between December 2016 and October of 2017, a total of 158 eligible individuals were classified as 50 healthy subjects and 108 diabetic patients who were subdivided into six groups according to the type of anti-diabetic treatments. Results: Overall, the results elucidated that hemoglobin concentration was markedly diminished, while red cell distribution width (RDW) value was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in all diabetic groups as compared to control. Moreover, in all diabetic groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was elevated noticeably (P < 0.001), while reduced glutathione (GSH) revealed a lower concentration (P < 0.001) than that of control. Conclusion: The present study exhibited the amelioration effect of metformin administration on oxidative stress and glycemic status which reflected on some RBCs indices. However, hemoglobin concentration showed a noticeable diminution in all metformin-treated groups in spite of the improvement in glycemic and oxidative stress status which indicated that the metformin-induced anemia is independently from diabetic complications.
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Objective: To examine the effect of infection with Enterovirus [EV] in children with type 1 diabetes [T1D] on the activities of serum antioxidant enzymes in diabetic and nondia-betic controls
Subjects and Methods: Three hundred and eighty-two diabetic and 100 nondiabetic children were tested for EV RNA using reverse transcriptase [RT]-PCR. The activities of serum superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] were also estimated in diabetic patients infected with EV [T1D-EV+], those not infected with EV [T1D-EV-] and in nondiabetic controls
Results: The frequency of EV was higher in diabetic children [100/382; 26.2%] than in healthy controls [0/100]. Levels of fasting blood glucose [FBG], glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAic] and C-reactive protein [CRP] were significantly higher but C-peptide was significantly lower in diabetic children than in controls. CRP levels were higher in the T1D-EV+ group than in the T1D-EV- group, and higher in all diabetic children than in nondiabetic controls. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPx, SOD, and CAT decreased significantly in diabetic children compared to in controls. Moreover, the activities of the enzymes tested were significantly reduced in the T1D-EV+ group compared to in the T1D-EV-group
Conclusion: Our data indicate that EV infection correlated with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the T1D-EV+ group compared to in the T1D-EV-group; this may contribute to cell damage and increased inflammation
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Background: the study was performed in a prospective randomized fashion in order to compare the value of tansvaginal ultrasound, and the value of combined colour Doppler imaging of uterine, ovarian blood flow and transvaginal folliculometry in assessment of ovulation induction of infertile women
Objectives: Ovulation rate was taken as the gold standard for assessment of ovulation induction result
Patients and Methods: Analysis of the results provided the following information: A] Better sensitivity and specificity of colour Doppler indices in detection of ovulation. B] Better timing of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration and better ovulation rate when colour Doppler was used in cycle monitoring
Results: It can be concluded from the results of this study that combined use of transvaginal sonography and colour Doppler imaging is more reliable in assessment of ovulation and is more useful in monitoring of follicular growth and vascularity in clomiphene citrate induced cycles than the use of transvaginal ultrasound alone
Conclusion: combined use of transvaginal sonography and colour Doppler imaging is more reliable in assessment of ovulation and is more useful in monitoring of follicular growth and vascularity in clomiphene citrate induced cycles than the use of transvaginal ultrasound alone. The study opens a new field of ongoing research on the valuable application of colour Doppler studies in the management of gynecologic infertility due to ovarian cause
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Background: role of intravenous hydration is well documented for the treatment of oligohydramnios. The present study concentrated on the efficacy of intravenous hydration in cases of unexplained oligohydramnios
Aim of the study: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous maternal hydration [hypotonic and isotonic fluid] in pregnancies with third-trimester oligohydramnios on amniotic fluid index and uteroplacental perfusion and fetal blood flow
Patients and Methods: this study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, during the period from January 2017 to January 2018. A total of 60 pregnant women were included and parameters like age, parity, BMI, amniotic fluid index, urine specific gravity, hematocrit value, umbilical artery pulsatility index and uterine artery pulsatility index before and after maternal hydration were noted and compared
Results: intravenous maternal infusion of [1/2] normal saline [0.45%] at a rate of 1000 ml/hr for two hours has statistically difference in the mean amniotic fluid index ,in mean urine specific gravity, in mean umbilical artery pulsatility index and in mean uterine artery pulsatility index immediately after hydration,72 hr and one week after hydration [p<0.05]
Conclusions: maternal intravenous hydration with hypotonic fluid can be used in the treatment of oligohydramnios
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Objective: to study soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in Egyptian acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. HLA-G is speculated to be a tumor-driven immune escape mechanism. In addition, it might be a promising target for future immune therapeutic approaches. Methods: Thirty AML patients and 15 healthy controls of matched age and sex were the subject of the study. sHLA-G was done to all patients and controls by ELISA. Results: Statistically significant increase in sHLA-G level was present in AML patients compared to controls, being higher in relapsed cases. HLA-G levels was correlated to bone marrow blast percentages but not affected by age, gender, WBCs or response to chemotherapy. HLA-G had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 62% to detect AML cases. Conclusion: HLA-G may be an additional marker for AML especially relapsed cases
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis and management has a significant role in reducing complications. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that showed important functions regarding calcium and phosphate homeostasis, immunity and insulin resistance. There is a well-established link between vitamin D level and type 2 DM
Objective[s]: The aim of this study was to assess serum 25[OH] vitamin D3 level in type 2 diabetic subjects and to investigate its relation to glycemic control, proinflammatory markers and insulin resistance
Methods: The study included 60 type 2 diabetic subjects in the age group 40-70 years and 30 controls matched for age and gender. Pregnant females, renal, hepatic and cancer patients were excluded from the study. All participants were subjected to detailed history taking, anthropometric measurements including weight, height and waist circumference, full clinical examination and laboratory investigations including serum 25[OH]vitamin D3, FSG, HbA1c, serum insulin, and CRP.HOMA-IR was calculated using FSG and serum insulin values
Results: The mean serum concentration of 25[OH] vitamin D3 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetics compared to controls [2.91 +/- 4.20 ng/ml, 12.04 +/- 7.74 respectively] [p<0.001]. There was a significant increase in BMI, WC, FSG, HbA1c, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetics compared to controls [p<0.05]. A statistical significant negative correlation was found between 25[OH] vitamin D3 level and the following parameters: BMI [r=-0.584, p<0.001], WC [r=-0.233, p=0.027], FSG [r=-0.735, p<0.001], HbA1C [r=-0.387, p<0.001], HOMA-IR [r=-0.729, p<0.001], serum insulin [r=-0.272, p=0.010]. Meanwhile, 25[OH] vitamin D3 did not significantly correlate with the proinflammatory marker CRP [r=-0.126, p=0.238]
Conclusion: Subjects with type 2 DM have low 25[OH] vitamin D[3] level compared to healthy normal individuals. The negative association of 25[OH] vitamin D3 with glycemic control and its irrelevance to the prionflammatory markers suggest that vitamin D may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM. Hence cautious Vitamin D supplementation may have a therapeutic potential in prevention and management of Type 2 DM
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Vitamin D/blood , Insulin Resistance , Blood Glucose , Biomarkers , C-Reactive Protein , InflammationABSTRACT
Oxidative stress reflects the mechanism that contributes to initiation and progression of hepatic injury in a variety of liver disturbance. From here, there is a great demand for the expansion of agents with a potent antioxidant effect. The aim of this work is to approximate the efficiency of bee honey as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant agent versus diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) motivate hepatocellular damage. The single intrapritoneal (IP) management of diethyl nitrosamine (50mg/kg followed by 2ml/kg CCl4) to rats, referred for the histopathological examination of liver sections of rats after induction and before treatment with honey showed that many well differentiated tumor cells were formed in the liver of rats also, the examined sections showed disorganization of hepatic lobular architecture and obvious cellular damage. A significant lift in the enzymatic activity of liver functions (AST, ALT, ALP), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) which is a signal of hepatocellular damage. DEN stimulates oxidative stress, which was assured by increase lipid peroxidation level and hindrance in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) activities in the liver. The position of non-enzymatic antioxidants comparable reduced glutathione (GSH) was likewise set up to be slimmed down significantly in DEN inoculated rats. Also, we have studied the underlying mechanism and /or (s) of the therapeutic role of bee honey as hepatocarcinogenesis remediation through investigation the inflammatory biomarkers; α-fetoprotein (AFP) and α-fucosidase (AFU). The current results clearly showed that bee honey demonstrates good ameliorative and antioxidant capacity toward diethyl nitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage in rats.
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Mallow and hummayd leaves are Egyptian countryside common leafy vegetables. The aqueous extract of these leaves were used for estimating their total phenols and flavonoids contents and measuring the antioxidant activity. As well, mallow and hummayd leaves were cooked and mixed in ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 or 3:1, respectively, and mixed with some natural additives for producing natural soup. The sensory evaluation of these products was carried out. Then, the biological assessment was done on rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet to measure the effect of orally feeding mallow and hummayd leaves soup on the serum total fat and cholesterol levels. Also, body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency rate were measured. Results showed that the total phenols and flavonoids content in the aqueous extract of the mallow leaves were 31.68 mg galic acid equivalent [GAE] /g and 17.51 mg quercetin acid equivalent [QE]/g, respectively. While the total phenols and flavonoids contents were 23.4 mg GAE/g and 12.30 mg QE/g, respectively, in the aqueous extracts of hummayd leaves which is directly proportional to the antioxidant activity at rates 45.24% of mallow leaves and 28.13% of hummayd leaves. Generally, the sensory evaluation of these products showed high degrees for sensory acceptance. The 3 mallow: 1 hummayd leaves soup had the highest score. The results of the biochemical assessment showed that there was a significant decrease in the incidence of all levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- density lipoprotein and very low density, while it was noted a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein with increasing doses intake of blend soup. In general, the current study illustrated the importance of mallow and hummayd leaves consumption and their values in reducing the weight and improving lipid profile. The study recommends, also, the inclusion in nutrition education programs to illustrate the importance of green leafy vegetables especially mallow and hummayd for being cheap and easy obtain
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Bacterial meningitis is associated with disabling sequelae in a significant proportion of patients. It is associated with high mortality, risk of neuropsychological sequelae and risk of cognitive impairment the purpose of this study is to assess cognitive and neurological complications in adult patients with bacterial meningitis. A total of 45 patients with bacterial meningitis and 16 patients with tuberculous meningitis were enrolled. They were subjected to full medical history taking and clinical examination, full neurological examination on admission and discharge. Mini mental state examination [MMSE] and Wechsler memory scale [WMS] were used to assess cognitive function. The results showed that the ischemic brain insult [87.88%] followed by cranial nerves affection [32.42%] were the commonest neurological complication detected on discharge. Cognitive impairment was detected in 53.66% of patients using MMSE.WMS showed that orientation, information and logical memory were the most common affected. Cognitive and neurological complications were not statistically related to age or etiology [P>0.05]. Longer duration until diagnosis [Beta = -.18, p <0.001], presence of intracranial complications [Beta = -.12, p <0.005], need for mechanical ventilation [Beta = -.79, p <0.001] and drug abuse [Beta = -0.11, p < 0.05] were significant predictors of worse outcome assessed by Glasgow outcome score
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cognition Disorders , Tuberculosis, Meningeal , NeurologyABSTRACT
Food safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its direct bearing on human health. Pesticides [ insecticides, fungicides, etc.] are used globally for the protection of food. The presence of harmful pesticide residues in food has caused a great concern among the consumers. This study aimed to determine and investigate the changes of pesticide residues in potatoes during preparation and processing, and investigating the health effects of pesticide residues on albino rats. Potatoes was collected from local market and analyzed for pesticide residues, imidaclopride, metalaxyl, and cloropropham were found. Results showed that all processing and preparing technique led to a decrease in pesticide residues. Treating potatoes by cooking [ boiling, streaming, grilling, roasting, frying, and microwave] led to reduce in imidaclopride residues by 99.71%, 94.71%, 99.43%, 98.14%, 98.42% and 90% respectively. While metalaxyl residues was reduced by 95.7%, 91.71%, 69.29%, 93.14%, 94.95% and 52.29% respectively. Cloropropham residues were reduced by 72.96%, 59.26%, and 51.85%, 37.04%, 62.96% and 41.67%, respectively. Feeding albino rats basal diet and different cooked potatoes led to significant increase [p<0.05] in serum AST, ALT, ALP, and MDA levels compared to positive control group. While there was no significant difference in serum total protein levels in all treated groups. The study demonstrate that in most cases processing leads to reductions in residues level in the cooked potatoes, particularly through boiling, but pesticide residues affect liver function and lipid oxidation. In addition it causes histological changes in the liver and lungs of rats
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Hepatocellular carcinomas will emerge as a major form of malignancy in the coming decades. When these tumors are in advanced stages, few therapeutic options are available. Therefore, it is essential to search for new treatment modalities to fight this disease. Evaluate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of Cannabis extract on dimethylnitrosamine [DMNA]-induced hepatocarcinogenicity in mice. Seventy-five male mice were divided into five groups of 15 each: group I mice received corn oil only as the control group; group II mice were injected intraperitoneally with DMNA [10 microg/kg body weight] weekly for 12 weeks; group III mice were pretreated orally with cannabis extract [0.5 ml/kg body weight] every other day for two weeks before the injection of DMNA, and continued until the end of the experiment [12 weeks]; group IV mice were treated orally with cannabis extract every other day simultaneously with DMNA injection and continued until the end of the experiment; group V mice were treated orally with cannabis extract every other day after receiving the last intraperitoneal injection of DMNA. A real time PCR was used to quantify telomerase reverse transcriptase and caspase-8 m-RNA expression level
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Arsenic is a toxic mutagenic metalloid and a major pollutant of water. Exposure to arsenic produces various adverse reproductive effects. Human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] has an important role in the female reproductive system. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of sodium arsenite on the structure of the endometrium of adult rats and evaluate the possible role of hCG in the amelioration of these changes. Thirty-six adult female rats were used in this study. They were divided into three equal groups: group I [the control group]; group II, in which the animals received sodium arsenite orally for 28 days; and group III, in which the animals were subcutaneously injected with hCG for 28 days, together with the previous dose of sodium arsenite. Specimens of the endometrium were taken at diestrous phase and prepared for light and scanning electron microscopic examinations. Moreover, morphometric measurements were taken to measure the height of the surface epithelium and the diameter and number of endometrial glands, and the results were statistically analyzed. Arsenite treatment prolonged the diestrous phase. The surface epithelium showed a significant reduction in height as compared with the control group and some parts showed focal degeneration and shedding. The endometrial stroma showed irregularly shaped cells and an apparent increase in collagen fibers. Small and atrophied glands were seen. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed a decrease in the number of cells with pinopodes and a decrease in the number of pits of glands. Concomitant administration of arsenite and hCG resulted in regular estrous cycles. The structure of the endometrium was improved as compared with that of the arsenic-treated group. Sodium arsenite altered the structure of the endometrium and the phases of the estrous cycle. Concomitant administration of hCG with arsenic improved the structure of the endometrium and the regularity of the estrous cycle
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Endometrium/ultrastructure , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Microscopy, Polarization/statistics & numerical data , Immunohistochemistry/statistics & numerical data , RatsABSTRACT
In the last 30 years, flexible Fibro-optic bronchoscopy has become a major tool for evaluating respiratory disorders in children. Nowadays different imaging modalities for pediatric rachea-bronchial lesions have vastly improved. To identify some potential clinical indications and advantages of Multi-detector Computed Tomography and Virtual Bronchoscopy over Fibro-optic Bronchoscopy in pediatric age group. 25 patients were included in this study 16 males and 9 females, mean age was [25.8 months] suffering from acute or chronic unexplained respiratory symptoms. They subjected to both Multi-detector Computed Tomography and Virtual Bronchoscopy and Fibro-optic Bronchoscopy. This comparative study showed that sensitivity of Multi-detector Computed Tomography and Virtual Bronchoscopy was 63-15% with positive predictive value of 80%, It is sensitive to detect external compression rather than airway malacia. It was sensitive to detect intra luminal obstruction without identifying the pathology which could be more determined by Fibro-optic Bronchoscopy. MDC T- VB may be considered a novel technique for noninvasive evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree in children especially in patients who were not suitable for Fibro-optic Bronchoscopy
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bronchoscopy/methods , Comparative Study , ChildABSTRACT
Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder that has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its prophylaxis and therapy are still unresolved challenges
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility that collagen hydrosylate [CH] can ameliorate osteoporotic bone loss in ovariectomized rats with special reference to bone mineral content [BMC], some biochemical parameters of bone turnover, and histology
Materials and methods: Forty adult female albino rats [180-200 g] were categorized into four equal groups: a sham-operated control group [group I], a sham-operated CH-treated group [group II], an ovariectomized group [group III], and a CH-treated ovariectomized group [group IV]. The experiment continued for 12 weeks. At its end, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia. Blood samples were collected for estimation of serum calcium, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]. The left femora and lumbar vertebrae were excised for histological examination by H and E and Gomori's trichrome stains. The area percentage of collagen was further assessed using an image analyzer. The right femur of each rat was used for BMC measurement by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis
Results: In sham-operated CH-treated rats [group II] there was no significant variation in bone turnover markers and BMC as compared with their respective controls. Normal bone microstructure was depicted as well. In group III rats, ovariectomy [OVX] was associated with enhanced bone turnover as depicted by significant decrease in the mean value of serum calcium, whereas osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and CTX revealed significant increase compared with controls. Moreover, an evident reduction in bone calcium content was depicted in the femora of this group. Histologically, evidence of bone resorption was manifested in the femoral diaphysis and lumbar vertebrae with multiple resorption cavities, irregularly eroded endosteal surface containing osteoclasts, and thinned out bone trabeculae along with wide bone marrow cavities. A significant decrease in bone collagen content of both cortical and trabecular bones was evidenced in trichrome-stained sections. In contrast, CH administration after OVX [in group IV] reduced bone turnover markers and improved BMC as well as histological characteristics of examined bones as compared with the OVX group
Conclusion: The study suggested that CH may be a potentially useful agent in preventing bone loss due to ovarian hormone deficiency