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Background:Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin. Several biomarkers have been identified, which is essential in the different clinical presentations of the disease. This study aimed to determine the association between hemolysis markers andcortisol level with varying severity groups of Sudanese patients with SCA.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study included 100 patients with sickle cell disease between February 2016 and April 2017. According to Hedo et al scoring, medical history was obtained to conduct disease severity. A total of 3ml of venous blood was collected from each patient. A complete hemogram was performed using an automated hematology analyzer (Sysmix®-KX-21N). Bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were estimated using a spectrophotometer, while cortisol was measured using the Elecsys® system 2010 E170. The reticulocyte count was performed manually. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS)version 21 computer software program.Results:Disease severity was variable and was categorized into; eighteen (18%) patients had mild symptoms, while 70 (70%) patients had moderate disease, and 12 (12%) patients had severe disease. The analysis of variance (ANOVA)test showed that hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, LDH, and direct bilirubin were positively correlated with disease severity,p value: 0.001, 0.04, 0.00, and 0.02, respectively. While indirect bilirubin, total bilirubin, and cortisol did not correlate withdisease severity, the pvalue was (0.248, 0.083, and 0.868, respectively).Conclusions:This study confirmed that the hemolysis markers (Hb, reticulocyte count, direct bilirubin and LDH) were positively associated with disease severity. In contrast, indirect bilirubin, total bilirubin, and cortisol levels were not associated with the disease severity.
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Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil citrate on endometrial development in women with history of recurrent implantation failure after IVF
Setting: this study was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department of Ain Shams University
Patients and methods: this is a randomized controlled trial on 80 women with previous two or more failed IVF. Women in group A [N=40] took oral sildenafil citrate at dose 25mg tab /6h daily from day six of induction of ovulation until day of HCG administration; while those in group B [N=40] took placebo tablets
Outcome measuers: the primary outcome was change in endometrial thickness before and after intervention
Results: endometrial thickness in both groups was statistically insignificant between the two groups when measured in day 6 with p-value 0.070.Endometrial thickness on day of HMG injection measured and found that it was higher in group A[Sildenafil Group] than group B[Placebo Group] with significantly increased statistically difference between the two groups with p-value <0.001
Conclusion: sildenafil citrate leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. This may enhance endometrial development and increased pregnancy rate in females undergoing IVF which may be attributed to the increase in the endometrial thickness
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Aim: The aim of this study was to screen Artemether 80 for activity against Theileria lestoquardi (Apicomplexa: Theileridae) using buparvaquone as a standard drug. Study Design: In vitro study under laboratories conditions. Place and Duration of Study: Veterinary Research Institute, between 2006 and 2008. Methodology: Artemether 80 was screened for the first time to investigate activity against T. lestoquardi at different concentrations. Blood was collected separately from normal sheep and sheep infected naturally with Theileria. Normal lymphocyte cells and lymphocyte cells infected with Theileria were isolated from heparinized blood with Ficoll-paque. Isolated cells were grown in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), supplemented with 20% calf serum and sub cultured. The parasite was identified with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA). A volume of 2.7 ml of lymphoblast cell suspension at concentration of 5x104 cell/ ml was distributed in tissue culture plates, and then 0.3 ml of drug at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L was added separately. A volume of 0.3 ml MEM was added to infected untreated control. Results: The in vitro antitheilerial activity of Artemether 80 against T. lestoquardi 48 h after exposure was 0%, 14%, 30% and 45% at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L, respectively as compared with activity of buparvaquone at the same concentrations being 74%, 83%, 92% and 100%, respectively. Both Artemether 80 and buparvaquone caused in vitro partial cytotoxic effect at the highest concentrations. Activity and/ or partial cytotoxic effect of both drugs caused changes in the morphology of macroscizonts and host lymphoblast cells, decreased the number of macroschizonts/cell, mean number of dividing cells, increased the number of cells with extra cellular macroschizonts. Conclusion: It was concluded that Artemether 80 is slightly effective in vitro against T. lestoquardi.
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The aim of this study is to overview some of the medicinal plants tested for the treatment of theileriosis. Treatment of theileriosis with standard drugs such as parvaquone and buparvaquone is very expensive, and these drugs are not always available in the third world developing countries. Thus, it is desirable to seek for discovery of medicinal plants for treatment of theileriosis.
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Chlorpheniramine maleate [CPM] was microencapsulated using ethylcellulose [EC] and cellulose acetate propionate [CAP] as polymeric drug carriers. Phase separation technique induced by non-solvent addition was used in preparing the microcapsules. Conditions for microencapsulating the drug were determined by constructing phase diagrams for both EC-toluene-cyclohexane and CAP-toluene-cyclohexane systems. At 3% EC in toluene 50% cyclohexane was found to be suitable to prepare hard wall microcapsules while, this concentration was 40% in case of 6% CAP in toluene. Modification of the crystalline shape of the drug was applied to facilitate polymer deposition. The physical properties, drug incorporation efficiencies of the prepared microcapsules were also greatly improved when modified spherical crystals of CPM rather than fine powder were encapsulated. The release profile of the drug from microcapsules was dependent on shape of core, type of polymer, pH of dissolution media. Generally dissolution was characterized by an initial rapid release followed by a slow one. At dissolution media of pH 1.2 drug release was slow compared with release at pH 7.2 and the release from CAP microcapsules was slower than that from EC microcapsules. This could be attributed to the low acid solubility of CPM and enteric coating property of CAP. On the other hand, at pH 7.2 initial release was higher than in pH 1.2 and the release was fast in case of CAP compared with that for EC. In all cases microcapsules containing spherical cores showed slow and uniform drug release compared with that containing unmodified cores. Further coating of the prepared microcapsules with chitosan caused more release retardation with a change in release kinetics from non-linear diffusion model into nearly constant release as shown with EC microcapsules
Subject(s)
Cellulose/analogs & derivatives , Capsules , Drug Compounding , ChitosanABSTRACT
The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine [as H[2] receptor antagonists] on serum prolactin and testosterone levels and testicular structure in albino rats were investigated. Thirty healthy male adult Albino rats were used, they were divided into three groups, ten animals each, a control group, and 2 experimental groups [cimetidine and ranitidine groups]. Long term administration of doses equivalent to human therapeutic dose range of both cimetidine and ranitidine were used. In cimetidine group, a dose of 8 mg/Rat was administered intraperitoneally daily for one month. It produced highly significant increase in serum prolactin level [P < 0.001] and also highly significant decrease in serum testosterone level [P < 0.001]. Microscopically the testis showed a decrease in size of the seminiferous tubules and reduction in germinal layers with arrest of spermatogenesis in level of spermatid. Neither Sertoli cells nor Leydig cells showed any significant changes as compared with the control group. In ranitidine group a dose of 3 mg/Rat was administered intraperitoneally daily for one month. This group showed normal serum prolactin and testosterone level, and normal microscopic structure of the testis as compared with the control group