satirical programme in Arab satellite channels and the adolescents attitude towards it

Problem: With studies rarity which take the satric programme as a new programme in Egypt and exposure the politic issue, we can determined the Study problem in this main statment [the satric programme in Arabic satellite channel and the adolescents attitude towards it

Importance: The study related with an important strip in the society isadolescents strip, and rarity of satirical programs and the newly appearance in EgyptAnd addressed political issues

Aims: This study aims to Know what's adolescents attitude towards the satric programme in Arabic satellite channel and the

Study Kind: This study is adscription study

Methods: Survey Method

Tools: Content Analysis Form, Questionnaire Form, and Attitude Scale

Results: The program used vernacular language, The template used in program is direct talk, Presidential elections were at the forefront of the issues by 16%, The sample watched the program for Entertainment by 64.2% and Corruption revealed by 49.7. The programe present Political information by 42.5% and About Army Men by 13%, The study demonstrated verify partially the first hypothesis, which states on the presence of a statistically significant correlation between the exposure of adolescents study sample programs sarcastic and attitudes towards it, The study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the attitude of adolescent males and females towards satirical programs through exposure to them in favor of male teenagers and from here we can say that the hypothesis has not been achieved, and The study demonstrated a statistically significant differences between age and the trend toward programs Sarcastic in favor of older teenagers, so we can say that the hypothesis has been achieved parthly

Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography for detecting and staging malignant pancreatic masses

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound [EUS] is now established as a valuable imaging test for diagnosing and staging pancreatic cancer. But, with significant recent improvements in spiral computed tomography [CT] scanners, particularly higher resolution and ability to reconstruct 3D images, spiral CT is now increasingly accepted as being better for pancreatic cancer staging. The debate continues, however, about the best diagnostic test or combination of tests in patients with suspected pancreatic cancer. Spiral CT is more readily available than endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration [EUS-FNA], cheaper and, therefore, more frequently used In this study, we evaluated the use of EUS-FNA in comparison with spiral CT for detection and staging of malignant pancreatic massesMethods: This prospective study was carried in El-Ebrashi unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine department, Cairo University over 3 years from 2011 to 2014. It included 68 patient with suspected pancreatic mass lesions based on abdominal ultrasound, CT or MRI and patients with obstructive jaundice due to common bile duct [CBD] stricture as proved by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] or Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography [MRCP]. The patients were subjected to dual phase pancreatic control multi-detector computed tomography [MDCT] to be followed by EUS-FNA, then cytopathological examination of the studied patients to determine the nature of pancreatic masses, normal and benign cases are followed up after 6 months by EUS for exclusion of malignancy

Results: The final diagnosis in this study was that, 61 patients were malignant and 7 benign cases. The sensitivity of CT was 75% compared to 100% for EUS. While the specificity for CT was 14% compared to 100% for EUS. The negative predictive value for CT was 6.25% compared to 100% for EUS. With an overall accuracy of MDCT was 69% compared to 100% for EUS for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of CT for detection of small lesions

Conclusion: EUS is more accurate than CT for detection of pancreatic cancer especially in small tumors. EUS is more accurate than CT in staging of pancreatic cancer in early stages

Recommendation: Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is the most important step in the way of decreasing its mortality rate. For screening of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer, initially CT should be performed to be followed by EUS whether to exclude masses in negative CT patients or to confirm the mass and to provide a tool for sample/or cytopathological diagnosis in patients with positive CT We recommend a future study to correlate the accuracy of staging by EUS and CT with post-operative histopathological staging

Cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke: frequency and pattern

To focus on cognitive impairment as indicator of intellectual decline, three months after ischemic stroke, as regards its prevalence and the factors that may affect it. A total of 60 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled. The cognitive function was assessed three months after stroke using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Beside global cognitive function, six major cognitive domains; visual memory, verbal memory, language, orientation, abstract reasoning and visuospatial ability were evaluated. The functional abilities were measured using Barthel Index [BI] for Activity of daily Living. The relationship between cognitive function and demographic data, CT findings and BI was examined. Cognitive impairment was found in 35% of the patients 3 months after ischemic stroke. In comparison to controls, patients had significant cognitive impairment. There was significant impairment of memory and abstract with advancing age. The performance of male patients was significantly better than female patients as regards visual and verbal memory. Patients with left hemispheric infarction had significant impairment in language while right hemispheric infarction was associated with visuospatial neglect. The larger the size of infarct, the more was the impairment of memory, orientation, language and reasoning. Multiinfarcts significantly affected memory, orientation and language. Posterior cerebral artery occlusion significantly affected visual and verbal memory. There was significant relationship between disability BI score and all cognitive domains but neglect. The first-ever ischemic stroke is associated with significant cognitive impairment which occurs in 35% of poststroke patients, three months after stroke. Age, sex, involved hemisphere, size of infarct, single or multiinfarcts, occluded cerebral artery and severity of functional disability may predict cognitive impairment, at least in one domain, after ischemic stroke

Effects of occupational exposure to lead on neurological and neurophsyiological functions among printing workers

This study was designed to evaluate the neurological and the neurohysiological effects of chronic lead exposure. A group of printing workers exposed to inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption of lead, consisting of 47 subjects, as well as a control group from the non-exposed administrative subjects were included. This study was designed to evaluate the neurological and the neurophysiological effects of chromic lead exposure. A group of printing workers exposed to inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption of lead, consisting of 47 subjects, as well as a control group from the nonexposed administrative subjects were included. All subjects were submitted to assessment of exposure profile, general and neurological history and examination, blood lead concentration, blood picture, and a selected battery of neurophysiological investigations. Among exposed workers compared to controls, we detected a significantly higher prevalence 9% headache, fatigability, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling sensations and significantly higher blood lead levels and lower hemoglobin levels. The electro physiological studies showed significant motor and sensory slowing of nerve conduction velocities [NCVs], lowering of amplitudes, and prolongation of distal latencies both median and ulnar nerves of the exposed workers versus control subjects. Abnormalities of electromyograpnhy [EMG] in the form of neurogenic polyphasic waves during ' minimal muscle contraction and spontaneous activities were recorded in 91.7% and 16.7% respectively among exposed workers