Effect of long-term treatment of insulin on growth perfomance, lipid metabolism and electrolye in tilapia fiorida

Forty Fish, Tilapia florida. were injected with insulin [20 IU/Kg body weight] for different periods. Single dose for 24h and repeated doses [dose every 48 h for 30, 45 and 55 days] were used in this experiment. Body gain, condition factor [CF], hepatosomatic index [HSI] and gut weight were calculated. Levels of total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were determined in serum, liver and myotomal muscle. Also, sodium and potassium levels were estimated in both serum and muscle but inorganic phosphorus was determined only in serum. Insulin injection increased significantly body gain [P<0.05] and gut weight [P<0.01]. While hepatosomatic index was significantly decreased [P<0.01] in insulin treated group at 30 and 45 days of the experimental periods. The prolonged administration of insulin in Tilapia florida showed a continued effect on the stimulation of lipogenic in the myotomal muscle as well as in the liver triglycerides synthesis. The lowering effect of insulin on liver content of triglycerides but not in the serum. So, it has been suggested that insulin might promote the triglyceride synthesis in liver to be removed as rapidly as synthesized to lipid stores in the body. The increasing effect of insulin on serum and muscle potassium level probably reflect role of such hormone in osmoregulation in this fish

effects of exposure to organophosphorous compounds on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in Tilapia zillii

The Effect of organophosphorous insecticides compounds [Malathion and Fenitrothion] on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in the freshwater fish Tilapia zillii exposed to 1/3 LC[50] of both insecticides for 96 hours was studied. Organophosphorous compounds were found to affect some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. Muscle and liver glycogen decreased significantly accompanied with significant increase of the plasma glucose and the specific activity of phosphorylase enzyme in both liver and muscles. The activity of Succinate dehydrogenase [SDH], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and malate dehydrogenase [MDH] showed a significant decrease in liver and muscle tissues. Alanine transferase [ALT] and Aspartate transferase [AST] in liver and muscles also showed a significant decrease. Significant alterations in the content of metabolites and enzyme activity under malathion and fenitrothion toxicity seemed to suggest marked shift from aerobic to anaerobic condition

Pattern and incidence of cancer at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan

The growing population of elderly people, the changes in life style, the new dietary habits and the HIV pandemic resulted in more exposure to cancer promoting factors in developing countries, including Sudan. Sudan is a large country with different climatic regions and the population has wide diversity of ethnic groups with varying cultures. Nevertheless, the burden of cancer in the different regions of the country is unknown. To study the incidence rate and the pattern of cancer at El Obeid Teaching Hospital, Western Sudan. The records of all patients admitted with cancer to the wards of El Obeid Teaching Hospital, Western Sudan during 2006 and 2007 were studied. The cancers were classified according to the organs affected and then ranked in their order of relative frequency. The mean age, age range, gender, the incidence rates and the relative frequency rates were calculated. There were 111 new cancer patients in 2006 and 169 patients in 2007. Females were 52.9% of cases. The mean ages were 61.8 and 56.8 years for males and females respectively. Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common malignancy in both sexes, followed by breast and then cervical cancer in females; while it was followed by leukaemia in males. Hepatocellular, oesophageal, gastric and recto-sigmoid were the main gut cancers. Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract was the commonest malignancy at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan. Establishment of a local radiation and isotopes centre is needed in this part of the country to provide oncology services and integrate preventive programs. A regional cancer registry centre supplements the national efforts to evaluate the magnitude of the problem in order to plan further future strategies

Assessment of antibiotics prescription in hospitalized patients at Elobeid hospital, Sudan

This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotics usage in medical wards at Elobeid teaching hospital, West Sudan. This is a descriptive hospital-based study. The data were retrospectively collected from the patient's records. Systemic random sampling was used to select 427 patient's records from the records of patients who were admitted to the medical wards in the year 2008. The records of 250 patients showed antibiotic prescription constituting 58.5% of the selected records. Beside the sociodemographic data, drug data [drug name, drug strength, route of administration and duration of therapy], basis of prescription [empirical or definitive] and other relevant information were collected from the patient's records and analyzed. A total of 427 patient's records were selected for the study, out of which 250 [58.5%] for whom one or more antibiotic was prescribed were studied. Males were 60% of the patients. The mean age +/- SD of the patients was 50 +/- 21 years. The total number of prescribed antibiotics was 397 drugs. Cephalosporins constituted more than one third [34.5%] of the prescribed antibiotics, and penicillins 28.5%. The mean number of antibiotic +/- SD prescribed for each patient was 1.6 +/- 0.95 drugs. 148 [37.2%] of the drugs were prescribed in generic name. In 52 [13%] drug prescriptions, the drug strength was not written. In the majority of the records [92.9%], the duration of drug therapy was not stated. Parenteral route of drug administration was prescribed for 50.8% of the antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination, benzyl penicillin [penicillin G], ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and metronidazole. The empirical prescription of antibiotics is a common practice at Elobeid Teaching Hospital; therefore establishment of antibiotics guideline based on local epidemiological data of potential pathogens and their pattern of antibiotics susceptibility should be available

Pattern and Incidence of Cancer at El Obeid Hospital; Western Sudan

Background:The growing population of elderly people; the changes in life style; the new dietary habits and the HIV pandemic resulted in more exposure to cancer promoting factors in developing countries; including Sudan. Sudan is a large county with different climatic regions and the population has wide diversity of ethnic groups with varying cultures. Nevertheless; the burden of cancer in the different regions of the country is unknown.Objectives: To study the incidence rate and the pattern of cancer at El Obeid Teaching Hospital; Western Sudan. Patients and Methods: The records of all patients admitted with cancer to the wards of El ObeidTeaching Hospital; Western Sudan during 2006 and 2007 were studied. The cancers were classified according to the organs affected and then ranked in their order of relative frequency. The mean age; age range; gender; the incidence rates and the relative frequency rates were calculated. Results: There were 111 new cancer patients in 2006 and 169 patients in 2007. Females were 52.9of cases.The mean ages were 61.8 and 56.8 years for males and females respectively.Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common malignancy in both sexes; followed by breast and then cervical cancer in females; while it was followed by leukaemia in males. Hepatocellular; oesophageal; gastric and recto-sigmoid were the main gut cancers.Conclusions: Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract was the commonest malignancy at El Obeid Hospital; Western Sudan. Establishment of a local radiation and isotopes centre is needed in this part of the country to provide oncology services and integrate preventive programs. A regional cancer registry centre supplements the national efforts to evaluate the magnitude of the problem in order to plan further future strategies

Effets of the herbicide gallant and mercury on liver function of Tilapia zilli

Herbicides are highly toxic for both human and animal health. The increased application of herbicides in agriculture during the last decades has resulted in the contamination of both soil and water. Also do heavy metals, which represent one of the most important group of pollutants produced as a result of many industrial activities which can find their way easily to the normal aquatic environments, disturbing and damaging the existing organisms. Fishes of the species Tilapia zillii were exposed to sublethal concentration of herbicide Gallant [haloxyfop-ethopxy ethanol ester] [3 mg/L], mercury as mercuric chloride [6 mg/L] and a combined dose of herbicide [1.5 mg/L] and mercury [3 mg/L] for 96 hrs., in aquaria under controlled laboratory conditions. A comparative physiological study was carried out to test the toxicological effects of these pollutants on glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GPT], glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT] activities and hepatosomatic index of liver. A progressive decrease in enzyme activity as well as total protein content of liver were observed, while hepatosomatic index showed a slight insignificant increase

Sero-prevalence of immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C and syphilis among blood donors at El Obeid Teaching Hospital, West Sudan

This study aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections [TTIs], namely immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C and syphilis among blood donors. The study was carried in the blood bank at ElObeid Teaching Hospital. The study included 260 blood donor. Informed consent was obtained from each. Personal and socio-demographic data, information about risk factors such as blood transfusion, sexual partners, intravenous drug usage, tattooing and past history of jaundice all were included in a well designed questionnaire. Screening of blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis C virus [HCV] and Treponema pallidum antibodies were done using immunochromatographic [ICT] strips. The study included 260 blood donor. All were males. The screening result for antibodies against HIV and Treponema pallidum was positive in 2 [0.8%] and 40 [15%] donors respectively. HBsAg was detected in 26 [10%] donors. Screening result for antibodies against hepatitis C virus was negative in all samples. This study showed that the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and syphilis was high in our study population. This mandates very strict criteria for selection of blood donors and also methods of laboratory assays for detection of infectious agents must be improved. On the other hand indications for blood transfusion should be restricted

Cerebral metabolites concentrations determined by quantitative proton MR spectroscopy in patients of intracerebral haematomas

This study was made to investigate serial metabolic changes in frontal lobes of patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] to found any correlation between N-acetylaspartate [NAA] and degree of motor impairment or clinical outcome. Forty three patients with deep ICH were examined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy by multivoxel method [voxel=10 X 10 X 20 mm; 64 voxels]. NAA/creatine ratios in the white matter of the primary motor and premotor areas on both sides were measured sequentially: within 48 hours, at 2 weeks, and 1 month after onset using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale We found, in the primary motor area on the affected side, the NAA/ creatine ratio decreased sequentially. At 48 hours and 2 weeks after onset, a negative correlation was detected between NAA/creatine and hematoma volume, but there was no correlation 1 month later. At 2 weeks, NAA/ creatine correlated negatively with motor impairment. In conclusions, there is delayed gradual reduction of NAA/creatine ratio in the frontal lobes correlating with motor deficit and clinical outcome after deep ICH

Rheumatic heart disease: a major health problem in el Obeid hospital, western Sudan

To reflect on rheumatic heart disease [RHD] as an endemic noncommunicable health problem and to identify the risk factors, the common presenting symptoms and common complications of rheumatic heart disease in A10beid Hospital, Sudan. This study is a hospital based study done in Elobied Teaching Hospital for 53 patients who were admitted to the medical wards with RHD in the period between January 2006 and December 2006. Females were predominating in the study population [60%] and the majority of patients belonged to age group 16-40 years [88%]. The majority of patients came from rural areas [81%]. The common presenting symptoms were those of congestive heart failure while the common reported complications were congestive heart failure and sub-acute bacteria endocarditis. RHD is still a major health problem in Kordofan states that require more attention of integrated health services in rural areas

Antibodies to chlamydia trachohomatis heat shock protein 60 [chlamydial HSP 60] and chlamysia trachomatis major outer membrane proten [MOMP] in women with tubal factor infertility

Most of the acute infections of Chlamydia trachomatis are asymptomatic and are thus left untreated. In some women repeated or persistent C. trachomatis infection leads to scarring of the fallopian tube tissue and subsequent infertility because of occlusion of the tubes. Screening for C trachomatis specific antibodies is mandatory in. diagnosing asymptomatic tubal factor infertility [TFI], particularly because it has been shown that C trachomatis is rarely isolated from the upper genital tract and clinical diagnosis requires invasive procedures not routinely available in general practice. C. trachomatis has immunodominant proteins such as major outer membrane protein [MOMP] and Chlamydial heat shock protein6o [chlamydial hsp60] that most of the host's immune response is directed at. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between, antibodies to C. trachomatis-specific IgG and chlamydial hsp60 in women with TFI. This study was done on 45 women diagnosed as having TFI by means of hysterosalpingogram [HSG] and laparoscopy, and 31 wives of male factor infertility patients with documented patent tubes by hysterosalpingogram, as a control group. Their age ranged from 19 to 35 years. Antibodies to C. trachomatis-specific IgG were more prevalent in younger women [<25 years old] than older women [>25 years old]. 77% versus 47% in TFI group, and 37% versus 27% in control group. Antibodies to C. trachomatis specific IgG were present in 29 [64%] of 45 women with tubal infertility compared with 10 [32%] of 31 control women. The difference was statistically significant [P=0, 0019]. antibodies to chlamydial hsp60 were significantly higher in TFI patients [28 of 45; 62%] than controls [6 of 31; 20%]. The difference was satistica1ly significant [P 0, 0002], Using the Spearman rank order correlation test, the antibodies chlamydial hsp6o had a highly significant correlation to C. trachomatis specific IgG antibodies in TFI patients [rs 0.53, P<0.001] and in controls [rs= 0.54, P<0.001]. In conclusion, Antibodies to chlamydial hsp60 and C. trachomatis-specific IgG are strongly associated with TFI a when used in combination at initial infertility evaluation, they would provide a rapid non-interventive means of diagnosing tubal factor infertility

Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition at dekernis in dakahlia governorate

The present work was a cross-sectional study of children under five years of age. All children were subjected to anthropometric measures [weight, length, height, mid arm and head circumference] to separate those who are wasted, stunted or wasted and stunted from normal children, according to Waterlow classification, using NCHS percentile. The total number of children was 2450, the total cases of malnutrition were 100, wasted 48, stunted 27 as well as wasted and stunted 25. The predominant complaints were diarrhea, cough and failure to gain weight. Family size was more than five persons in 47%, the child was the first born in 22% of the cases, mother age was less than 20 years in 11% and she was illiterate in 69% of cases. Vaccination was incomplete in 14% of the cases and formula feeding was given to 55%, 63.6% out of them received diluted formula