Effect of long-term treatment of insulin on growth perfomance, lipid metabolism and electrolye in tilapia fiorida

Forty Fish, Tilapia florida. were injected with insulin [20 IU/Kg body weight] for different periods. Single dose for 24h and repeated doses [dose every 48 h for 30, 45 and 55 days] were used in this experiment. Body gain, condition factor [CF], hepatosomatic index [HSI] and gut weight were calculated. Levels of total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were determined in serum, liver and myotomal muscle. Also, sodium and potassium levels were estimated in both serum and muscle but inorganic phosphorus was determined only in serum. Insulin injection increased significantly body gain [P<0.05] and gut weight [P<0.01]. While hepatosomatic index was significantly decreased [P<0.01] in insulin treated group at 30 and 45 days of the experimental periods. The prolonged administration of insulin in Tilapia florida showed a continued effect on the stimulation of lipogenic in the myotomal muscle as well as in the liver triglycerides synthesis. The lowering effect of insulin on liver content of triglycerides but not in the serum. So, it has been suggested that insulin might promote the triglyceride synthesis in liver to be removed as rapidly as synthesized to lipid stores in the body. The increasing effect of insulin on serum and muscle potassium level probably reflect role of such hormone in osmoregulation in this fish

effects of exposure to organophosphorous compounds on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in Tilapia zillii

The Effect of organophosphorous insecticides compounds [Malathion and Fenitrothion] on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in the freshwater fish Tilapia zillii exposed to 1/3 LC[50] of both insecticides for 96 hours was studied. Organophosphorous compounds were found to affect some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. Muscle and liver glycogen decreased significantly accompanied with significant increase of the plasma glucose and the specific activity of phosphorylase enzyme in both liver and muscles. The activity of Succinate dehydrogenase [SDH], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and malate dehydrogenase [MDH] showed a significant decrease in liver and muscle tissues. Alanine transferase [ALT] and Aspartate transferase [AST] in liver and muscles also showed a significant decrease. Significant alterations in the content of metabolites and enzyme activity under malathion and fenitrothion toxicity seemed to suggest marked shift from aerobic to anaerobic condition

Effets of the herbicide gallant and mercury on liver function of Tilapia zilli

Herbicides are highly toxic for both human and animal health. The increased application of herbicides in agriculture during the last decades has resulted in the contamination of both soil and water. Also do heavy metals, which represent one of the most important group of pollutants produced as a result of many industrial activities which can find their way easily to the normal aquatic environments, disturbing and damaging the existing organisms. Fishes of the species Tilapia zillii were exposed to sublethal concentration of herbicide Gallant [haloxyfop-ethopxy ethanol ester] [3 mg/L], mercury as mercuric chloride [6 mg/L] and a combined dose of herbicide [1.5 mg/L] and mercury [3 mg/L] for 96 hrs., in aquaria under controlled laboratory conditions. A comparative physiological study was carried out to test the toxicological effects of these pollutants on glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GPT], glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT] activities and hepatosomatic index of liver. A progressive decrease in enzyme activity as well as total protein content of liver were observed, while hepatosomatic index showed a slight insignificant increase