Obesity and its relationship with glycemic control in type-2 diabetes

Obesity is central to the development of insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, among other serious medical conditions. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the benefits of weight loss include both improved overall glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk profile. The aim of the present work was to study the pattern of overweight and obesity in type-2 diabetes. The Specific objectives included determination of the prevalence of the overweight and obesity among type-2 diabetes and assessment of their effects on the glycemic control. A cross sectional design was used. The target population was type-2 diabetic patients in Ismailia City, Egypt. The study population was type-2 diabetics attending the family medicine clinic in Ismailia University hospital. The study included 220 type-2 diabetics who were screened for overweight and obesity. The present study illustrates that, only 14.5% of type-2 diabetics had BMI within the normal range, [35% of male patients and 8% of female patients], while 45.9% were overweight; the percentage of overweight male patients was higher [50%] than female patients [45%]. Obesity was found in 39.5% of the patients [15% of the male and 47% of the female patients]. Extreme obesity was detected only in females [18%]. The glycosylated hemoglobin [g%] of overweight [11.5 +/- 2.7] was significantly different from that of the obese patients [13.2 +/- 3.6]. The study demonstrates, also, that fasting blood sugar [mg/dL] of diabetic patients with normal BMI [155.9 +/- 70.5] was significantly different from each of the overweight [227.5 +/- 87.7] and obese diabetics [210.9 +/- 79.9]. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in type-2 diabetics. Also increase in the BMI is associated with poor glycemic control. These findings signify life style modifications that are immensely needed to decrease the bodyweight and improve the glycemic control

Parasitic infestation and nutritional status among primary schoolchildren in Ismailia city, Egypt

Intestinal parasitic infection is a major health problem in many developing countries. By far the most common effect on health is a subtle and insidious constraint on normal physical development, resulting in children failing to achieve their genetic potential for growth and having the clinical consequences of iron deficiency anaemia and other nutritional deficiencies. To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation among school-aged children residing in Ismailia city; and to assess the impact of its infestation on nutrition status of those children. A cross sectional design was used. A sample size of >/= 99 was calculated from the target population [24000 children distributed among 43 1ry schools] with an estimated proportion of parasitic infestation to be 47% [from a previous study], 95% confidence coefficient and 10% confidence interval. The dropout rate was considered to be 10%, so the sample size was 110 children. The parasitic infestation was highly prevalent in the study group. Its prevalence was 43%. Regarding the nutrition status, stunting was the most frequent sign [diagnosed in 20% of the study group] followed by underweight [11%] and wasting [7%]. Underweight and stunting were detected more in children who were infested with parasites. Approximately more than one-third of school-children were infested by intestinal parasites. The parasitic infestation seemed to be associated with growth rate pattern among those children. School-based parasite control program and health promotion are needed to eliminate this major public health problem among school children

Impact of obesity on asthmatic children

Bronchial asthma and obesity are prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. The association between asthma and obesity was elucidated in many studies with possible effect of obesity on asthmatic children. The aim of the present study was: Assessment of the effect of obesity on the quality of life and pulmonary function of asthmatic children. This study included 100 asthmatic children and adolescents, 52 of them were obese and 48 were non obese asthmatics. Peak expiratory flow Rate [PEFR] was measured for every participants in the study. All children were exposed to pediatrics asthma quality of life questionnaire [PAQLQ] which included 23 items and divided into 3 domains. The results of the present study showed that the mean score of total PAQLQ in obese group was 5.15 +/- 0.47 and in non obese group it was 5.81 +/- 0.42, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups, When comparing the three domains of PAQLQ between the two groups it was found that the mean of symptoms domain in the obese group was 5.03 +/- 0.48 and in non obese group it was 5.74 +/- 0.50. The mean of physical activity domain in the obese group was 5.34 +/- 0.67 and in non obese group it was 5.88 +/- 0.43. In addition the mean oh emotions domain in obese group was 5.08 +/- 0.86 and in non obese group it was 5.81 +/- 0.60. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in three domains of PAQLQ. There was no statistically significant difference between the obese and non obese asthmatic children regarding PEFR. Obesity affects asthmatic children by decreasing their quality of life, therefore it is recommended to fight obesity as one of the strategies to treat asthma

Effect of exercise practicing on pregnancy outcome among women with gestational hypertension

The study aims to test the effect of exercise practicing for gestational hypertension women on their blood pressure and pregnancy outcome. The study was conducted at Ain Shams and Zagazig Maternity University Hospitals [out patient clinics]. The study consisted of 90 women at 24 - 28 weeks gestation participated in this study. A prospective intervention study of 90 women that were allotted to three groups relaxation exercise [Abdominal breathing exercise], group [1], walking exercise group [2], and control group provided routine hospital care. 1 - A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, 2 - physical assessment sheet developed to record blood pressure measurements, edema level, urine analysis for protein and height weight assessment. 3- Partograme to assess labour progress. The outcome measures included: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria before intervention and every 4 weeks post intervention till the time of delivery for both groups. As well as assessment of pregnancy outcome [maternal and fetal outcome]. Significant improvement was observed in group 1 [abdominal relaxation exercise] followed by group 2 [walking exercise], concerning blood pressure measurements and level of edema and proteinuria. As well as short duration of labor and decrease perineal tear and reducing obstetric intervention wee significant higher in intervention groups [1, 2] as compared to thecontrol group. And regarding neonatal outcome, normal birth weight and normal Apgar scoring were significant higher in group [1, 2] as compared to groups 3 [control group]. Accordingly, it cold concluded that abdominal relaxation exercise and walking exercise were found to be effective in reducing blood pressure among women with gestional hypertension

Eye examination in infancy and childhood: a genetic background

Examination of the eye should be a routine part of the periodic pediatric assessment, beginning in the neonatal period. Besides its role in the early prediction of systemic developmental disorders, screening in schools and community programs can be also effective in detecting the visual problems early. Preliminary examination can be performed by the pediatrician, if a significant ocular abnormality or vision defect is noted, the referral to an ophthalmologist becomes necessary. Every part of the eye must be inspected. A slit lamp examination as well as fundoscopy may be required to visualize anterior and posterior chamber structures

Lateral epicondylitis [tennis elbow]: the use of ultrasound in treatment [a double blind study]

Of 88 Patients with 92 lateral epicondylitis [4 patients have bilateral condition.], 44 patients [46 conditions] were randomly allocated to receive ultrasound treatment and 44 patients [46 conditions] placebo. 8 patients with 8 conditions treated with ultrasound and 19 patients [21 conditions] treated with placebo were missed on follow-up. All the remaining were given 6 iteaunents each over 2 week. The condition of 28 patients [78%] treated with ultrasound and 7 patients [28%] given placebo improved, the difference being significant the 1% level. Improvement in particular clinical variables [pain score, weight lifting grip strength] also showed an advantage for the patients given ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound enhances recovery in most patients with lateral epicondylitis

effect of child-to-child health education program on the prevalence of some infectious diseases and personal hygiene in rural primary school children in Ismailia governorate

Diseases related to bad personal hygiene are highly prevalent among children in rural areas. Child-to-child approach to health education was claimed to be of greater impact, in this age, than other standard health education processes and media. In this community intervention study, the hypothesis was that the group exposed to child-to-child intervention will have greater positive changes in the knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] regarding personal hygiene compared to the other control group exposed to regular health education sessions conducted by health care providers. A sample size of 88 was estimated to be enough to detect a 20% increase in any KAP score of 30 or more and a SD of 20 or less, with alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.2. Two hamlets, each providing the required sample size, were selected randomly from a total of 13, in the same village. The program was randomly assigned to one while the other served as control. All primary school children were included, 95 and 88 in the intervention and control groups respectively. The program consisted of training grade 5 students as trainers in the experimental group. Then the message was disseminated by them to younger ones in regular sessions for one year. There was no possibility of contamination because the two sites were far away. Co-intervention was unlikely since the two areas are served by the same health administration. Results have shown no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards socio-demographic characteristics, except for father occupation. The study group had significantly higher changes in the scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior only after the intervention. The prevalence of some indicators and diseases of personal hygiene also significantly decreased in the study group after the intervention. The results point to the success of child-to-child approach in health education and should be considered in the school health programs