ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: aspergillus fumigatus is a sporadic fungus that causes different infections and allergies in immunocompromised patients. The allergic disease caused by this fungus is called allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis [ABPA]. ABPA is considered important in atopic and immunocompromised individuals, which can result in inflammation and epithelial damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the T helper [Th] 2 responses in a ABPA murine model by measuring the main cytokines involved in Th2
Materials and Methods: twenty male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of 10 mice each: control and ABPA group. ABPA was induced by inhalation of A. fumigatus conidia intranasally. Total and specific IgE were measured in the mice sera. Levels of cytokines in broncho alveolar lavage [BAL] of under studied groups were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay three weeks after the treatment
Results: the obtained results indicated that total and specific IgE increased in the ABPA group [p<0.05]. The levels of Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in brocho alveolar lavage of ABPA group was significantly higher than the control group [p<0.05], whereas interferon-gamma levels did not reveal any significant differences between the studied groups
Conclusions: the findings of the present study confirmed the role of Th2 cytokines in the ABPA reactions. However, more comprehensive studies are necessitated to determine the exact mechanisms of immune responses to ABPA as well as the role of Th1/Th2 responses in control of ABPA reactions. Regulation of Th2 responses could nbe regarded as a potential therapy for ABPA as well
ABSTRACT
Background: Multiple Sclerosis [MS] is an autoimmune disease with impairment in function of central nervous system. Macrophages and dendritic cells play important roles in alleviating or progression of the disease. These cells can cause inflammation and damage to the myelin of nerve cells by realizing of harmful substances when these cells get matured. We studied the effect of Alternaria alternata extract on maturation of monocyte- derived dendritic cell [modc] and T-cell responses in the presence of Myelin Basic Protein [MBP] as a laboratory model of multiple sclerosis [MS]. The purpose of this study is suitable dendritic cells production for usage in MS immunotherapy
Methods: For this study plastic adherent monocytes were cultured with granulocyte/ macrophage- colony stimulating factor [GM-CSF] and interleukin -4 for converting these cells to modc and pulsed with MBP and matured in the presence of monocyte-conditioned medium [MCM] in control group and MCM + Alternaria alternata extract in treatment groups. Anti-CD14, anti-CD83, anti-human leukocyte antigen-DR [anti HLA-DR] monoclonal antibody were carried out for phenotyping. Autologos T cell responses and cytokine production were evaluated
Results: The results showed that the expression of CD14 decreased and CD83, HLA-DR increased in treatment groups in comparison with control groups. The production amount of IL-10 overcame IL-12 and in T cell the production of cytokines, IL-17 and Interferon-? [IFN-?] decreased and IL-4 was increased [P<0.05]. These effects escalated with increasing of dosage from 50 to 100 [mg/ml] [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Alternaria alternata extract can cause maturation of MBP-pulsed modc and skewing of T- lymphocyte toward Th2 and thereby can evolve into a new strategy in immunotherapy of MS
ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis [MS] is an autoimmune disease with impairment in function of CNS, meanwhile macrophages and dendritic cells [DC] can cause inflammation and damage to the myelin of nerve cells by releasing Reactive oxygen species [ROS] and other harmful substances when these cells get matured. We investigated the effect of Alternaria alternata [A. alternata] extract on phagocytic T cell stimulation activity of DC pulsed with Myelin Basic Protein [MBP] as a laboratory model of MS. Plastic adherent monocytes were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interleukin-4 for converting these cells to MoDc [Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell], pulsed with MBP, matured in the presence of monocyte-conditioned medium [MCM] in control group and MCM+Alternaria. alternata extract in treatment groups. Phagocytic activity of DC was evaluated and T cell responses were investigated by MTT test. Phagocytic activity in treatment groups decreased significantly in compare with control group. Meanwhile, DC couldn't stimulate T cell proliferation. A. alternata extract decreased phagocytic activity of MoDc-pulsed with MBP and had no effect on T cell proliferation may provide a new strategy on immunotraphy of multiple sclerosis