ABSTRACT
Background: Marine products, especially fish, play an increasingly significant role in human diets and health. This research evaluated the concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, and nickel in liver and muscle tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum along the Caspian Sea coasts of northern Iran
Methods: Thirty samples of fishes were taken from five stations [Astara, Rezvanshahr, Anazali, Ramsar, and Tonekabon] during fishing season. An ICP-OES spectrophotometer was used to determine concentrations of the studied metals. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 using descriptive statistical index, t test, and analysis of variance [ANOVA] test; P < 0.05 was considered significant
Results: Mean concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel in the livers were 0.06, 1.1, 2.1 and 1.5 micro g/g respectively and in the muscles were 0.05, 0.8, 1.7 and 1.1 micro g/g, respectively. In liver: cadmium= 0.01-0.13; lead= 0.3-2.7; chromium = 0.9-4.5; nickel = 0.1-2.8. In muscle: cadmium = 0.01-0.08; lead = 0.2-1.5; chromium = 0.7-2.7; nickel = 0.5-1.5. Mean contents of these heavy metals were higher in the liver than in muscle. The order of heavy metal concentrations in the liver and muscle tissues were: Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd. The results showed statistically significant differences in the concentrations of these metals in liver and muscle tissues [P < 0.05], but no significant difference was observed between males and females
Conclusion: Based on calculations, the estimated permissible tolerable weekly intakes [PTWIs] of cadmium [0.042 and 0.567 mg] and lead [0.0021 and 0.027 mg] in this study are lower than the levels established by the World Health Organization [WHO] [0.455 mg for cadmium and 1.625 mg for lead]
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Aims: safe and good quality drinking water is one of the most important human needs. The effect of ground water contamination is one of the most important concerns of public-health worldwide. The purpose of this was to investigate the chemical and physical quality of ground water resource in rural areas of Babol city
Material and Methods: sampling of this cross sectional- descriptive study carried out during 2011-2012. 14 physical and chemical parameters were measured in 78 random samples of 39 stations in Spring and Autumn. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistical method and were compared with the standards of ground water quality of Iran, WHO and Shuler's diagram
Results: the findings of this study indicated that the concentration of Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulfate, Chloride, Calcium, Sodium, EC and pH were within the standard range, but the level of turbidity, total hardness and Fe at 7.7, 5.13 and 20.5 percent of samples are higher than the standard limits and fluoride concentration that ranged from 0.02 to 1.13 ppm, where lower than the standard limits in 87.2 percent samples and 12.8 percent water samples were within optimum limit i.e. 0.5-1.5 ppm. According to Shuler's diagram, the parameters of water quality ranged between good and medium situations
Conclusion: based on the results, the mean concentration of most physico -chemical parameters in Babol' village's drinking water is based on 1053 standard limit in Iran, but the fluoride level is lower than the maximum contaminant levels in many villages. Therefore, by addition of fluoride to water supplies of these regions, deficiency complications would be prevented