ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Periodontal diseases are complex oral diseases charac-terized by bacterial-induced inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis] is a common gram-negative anaerobic oral bacteria strongly associated with periodontal disease
Purpose: The present study was conducted to estimate prevalence of P. gingivalis in patients with periodontal diseases by using meta-analysis method
Martials and Method: Different databases including PubMed, EmBase, Scopus, the Institute for Scientific Information [ISI] Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify original English-language studies addressing prevalence of P. gingivalis in periodontal diseases up to December 2014. The ran-dom effects model was applied in the meta-analysis and the heterogeneity between studies was assessed using a Cochran test and the I2 index. Funnel plots and Egger test were used to examine publication bias. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 12
Results: Forty-two eligible studies published during 1993- 2016 were selected for meta-analysis. Considering all the included studies, the total sample size was 5,884 individuals containing 2,576 healthy people with a mean age of 37.21+/-7.45 years and 3,308 periodontal patients with a mean age of 44.16+/-8.35 years. Overall, the prevalence of P. gingivalis was 78% [95% CI: 74-81] in periodontal diseases group and 34% [95% CI: 26-41] in healthy individuals. There was a significantly higher prevalence of P.gingivalis in individuals with periodontal diseases compared to healthy subjects [78% versus 34%, respectively]
Conclusion: This study indicates that P. gingivalis is highly present in subjects with periodontal diseases and it also appears in periodontally healthy people, alt-hough to a lesser extent. Thus, the presence of P. gingivalis increases the chance of periodontal disease and it can be considered as a main potential risk factor
ABSTRACT
Uterine natural killer [uNK] cells are the most abundant leukocytes in pre-implantation endometrium and early pregnancy deciduas in humans and rodents. They are associated with structural changes in maternal spiral arteries but regulation of their recruitment and activation is incompletely understood. The major subpopulation of uNK cells in humans expresses CD56, the neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]-l while their counterpart in mouse expresses asialoGMl, a brain ganglioside. Sympathetic nerves express NCAM-1 which mediates homotypic binding. Sympathetic fibers innervate the me-sometrial vasculature but their relationship to the myometrial and decidual uNK cell recruitment is unknown. The present study aims to explore positional relationship between natural killer cells and distribution of nerves in decidualized mouse uterus. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression for the enzyme tyrosine hy-droxylase were used to map sympathetic nerve fibre distribution within C57BL/6 implantation sites and to address a relationship with uNK cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons were identified in the mesometrium closely associated with uterine arteries. Staining became gradually vanished as the nerves crossed the myometrium and entered the decidualized uterus. No neuronal stain was associated with the spiral arteries. Periodic Acid Schiff s reactive uNK cells were absent from the mesentery, but abundant in decidua basalis where they are associated with non-innervated vessels. Data suggest that the recruitment of uNK progenitor cells to the uterus is unlikely to be dependent on signaling by the sympathetic nervous system