response rate to hepatitis B vaccine in under one-year children in Gorgan, Iran

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways in preventing the hepatitis B viruse. This study was done to evaluate the response rate to hepatitis B vaccine in under one-year children in Gorgan, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 215, children of 7-12 month of age [55.3% male, 44.7% female], in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2006. These subjects already had received the three-time vaccination against hepatitis B. Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and HBsAg level of these children serum were determined, using ELISA technique. In 30 [14%] subject's serum, there was not detected any antibodies against the viruses. Out of 185 children positive for HBS, 4 cases belong to HBC viruses. As a whole, 86% of the samples, had more than ten international unit of HBS. The mean +/- +/- D of the titred antibodies in male and female were 158.84 +/- 12 and 187.55 +/- 13.83 respectively. The response not to three-times vaccination in male and female were 84% and 89.9% respectively. This study showed that in spit of vaccination, there are cases with virus-contamination. The reasons for absence of any response to the vaccination in some of this children can be due to deficiency in the immune system, improper genetic background which can not be stimulated by that vaccination, inadequate proper conditions for the preservation of vaccine, and the type vaccine used. Also the procedure of vaccine inoculation, the vaccine preservation condition and transportation should be taken into considertion

[Detection of Human Papilloma Virus DNA Genotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma]

Squamous Cell Carcinoma [SCC] is the most prevalent cancer of oral cavity which many etiologic factors have been identified in the development of it. Recently, Human Papilloma Virus [HPV] has been studied as one of causative factor of oral SCC. The aim of this study was detection of relationship between HPV and oral SCC by Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] and comparing with normal oral mucosa. Methods and Materials: In this study 51 oral SCC and 28 controls from normal oral mucosa which all of them were as paraffin block were evaluated genetically by PCR.HPV positive samples were tested for HPV 6,11,16,18,31,33 type. HPV DNA was detected in 21.5% [11.51] of the cases and 3.6% [1.28] of the controls with significant difference between two group [P<0.05]. HPV positive cases then were examined for typing PCR.HPV 6 was more prevalent with 4 cases and HPV 31,6,33,and 35 were identified in 3, 2, 1, 1 cases respectively. No positive cases with HPV 6 and 11 was found. There was no significant difference between male and female HPV positive cases.4 HPV positive cases of oral SCC were located in the floor of mouth.4 HPV positive cases used from chewing tobacco. It seems that HPV has an etiologic role in the development of the oral SCC, however, it needs more investigations