Spectrum of firearm fatalities in Larkana region

Objective: To determine frequency of firearm fatalities in Larkana region

Study Design: Descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at causality and department of forensic medicine and toxicology Chandka Medical College @ SMBBMU Larkana from 1[st] June 2013 to 31[st] May 2015

Materials and Methods: Out of 1870 dead bodies brought for autopsy at causality Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana and those 357 [19%] cases were selected in whom death occurred due to firearm as mentioned in police inquest report and autopsy record conducted, with the permission of authorities data was collected and analyzed and cause of death was determined by external and internal examination of body

Results: Autopsy record shows that among 357 cases males with 309 [87%] were dominated on females with 48 [13%] with Male/Female ratio of 6:1. The victim ages range from 11 years to 70 years and with location of injuries as 127 [35.57%] on Chest, 92 [25.77%] on Head and Neck, 59 [16.52%] on Abdomen, 38 [10.64%] on Head and Chest, chest and abdomen 31 [8.68%] and 10 [2.82%] on limbs and other parts, with manner of homicide in majority [78.15%] of cases

Conclusion: The majority of victims were young males belonging to rural areas with rifled firearm injuries on Chest, and Head and Neck as a cause of death

Temperature regulation of cbc samples in clinical laboratories of Karachi

To determine how Labs are maintaining their Laboratory temperatures,To measure the temperature of different clinical laboratories and to check their controls,to compare temperature affects on Samples and Controls with normal values and with each others.In a cross-sectional study, fifteen clinical laboratories in Karachi are examined for observing the standard protocols for running a lab with particular reference to temperature regulation. A questionnaire to the effect is filled and data are statistically analyzed and the following results are obtained. In the 15 labs observed, the mean of complete blood counts performed daily was 1.93 +/- 0.88. All 15 [100%] labs had a temperature reader. All 15 [100%] labs had an airconditioner installed. Out of these 15, only 12 were found to be in working condition. Out of 15 laboratories 8 [53.3%] of them perform the sample immediately, 2 of the laboratories [13.3%] perform after half an hour, 3 [26.6] perform within 1 hour while 1 [6%] takes more than 1 hour to perform the sample.The finding of this survey showed that some of CBC parameters can be changed with the variation in temperature; therefore it is better to do the CBC test after blood taking as soon as possible. So, the commercial laboratories should be properly registered and their quality standardized.

Osmotic dehydration of pomegranate [Punica granatum L.] using response surface methodology

For studying osmotic dehydration of pomegranate arils, a mathematical model was developed to quantify the responses of water loss, weight reduction and solute gain using response surface methodology. Under the experimental conditions, 15-32% water was lost, whereas 6-13% solids were gained. The high value [>0.98] for determination coefficient [R[2]] and adequate precision [> 38] and a low value for coefficient of variance [<2.5] was achieved for the developed model. Optimization of the model with the goal of maximum water loss and minimum solute gain resulted in 24.5% and 9.6% values, respectively, whereas, with the goal of minimum water loss and maximum solute gain resulted in 15.6% water loss and 13.8% solute gain

Causes of unilateral proptosis and its management

To evaluate the common ENT diseases causing proptosis. A retrospective analysis. Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Civil Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi [JPMC] during September 1995 to September 1998. This study is based on 25 patients admitted in the ENT dept. of Civil Hospital and JPMC Karachi during the period of three years. RESULTS: Out of25 cases 15 were female and 10 were males of 13 to 62 years of ages carrying different pat hologies e.g 8 cases of fungal sinusitis, 6 of nasal polyps, 2 of inverted papilloma, 2 cases of carcinoma maxilla, 3 of carcinoma ethmoid sinus, 2 of angio fibroma, one case of mucocele forontal sinus and one patient of T.B granuloma of maxillary sinus. All 25 patients treated surgically via different approaches like lateral rhinotomy, Jansen Horgan ethmoidectomy and Weber Furgusson approach. Malignant cases also received radio, and chemotherapy, while patients of fungal sinusitis kept on antifungal treatment orally in post operative period. Proptosis caused by sinonasal pathologies once diagnosed must be treated promptly to get the best results. Radiations should be avoided if possible to prevent the loss of vision