ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of Brucellosis infection amongst pyrexia of unknown origin [PUO] cases [admitted to the Hospital/indoor patient] and also the patients suffering from Febrile illness [outdoor patients] and to find out the differences in incidence of Brucellosis in the two provinces. The prevalence of Brucellosis in either gender was also compared
MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a descriptive study having a sample size of 538 from the indoor and outdoor patients of PUO and Febrile illness respectively. The Hospitals selected for these investigations were 2 in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa [Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Khyber Teaching Hospital] and 3 in Punjab [Islamabad/Rawalpindi] Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, District Headquarters Hospital Rawalpindi and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad
The detection of Brucella antibodies were carried out by using Slide Agglutination Test [SAT] for the presence of IgG and IgM [anti Brucella antibodies] against Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis species
RESULTS: The results were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Frequencies were calculated in terms of percentages for statistical inference. The antibodies against Brucella were detected in 6.9% adult sufferers and 6.5% children [<12 years] of age group respectively having PUO
CONCLUSION: Brucellosis can present as PUO. Therefore PUO cases must be evaluated for Brucellosis in early course of illness. Thus timely provision of specific management can reduce the suffering of PUO patients
ABSTRACT
Objective: to observe the correlation of hemoglobin versus liver function tests in patients of falciparum Malaria
Settings and design: a descriptive study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, JPMC, Karachi from August 2005 to July 2006
Patients and methods: total eighty-one patients of different ages ranging 3-56 years and both sexes suffering from acute malaria, confirmed by peripheral blood smear were selected by consecutive sampling. Nine out of eighty-one patients were infected by Hepatitis B and C infections and were excluded from the study. Out of seventy-two patients 48[70%] were suffering from malaria by Plasmodium falciparum and 24[30%] from Plasmodium vivax infection. The falciparum infected patients were equally segregated into two groups on the basis of duration of illness. Group 1 comprised of 24 patients complaining of fever with or without rigors ranging from 1 - 7 days. Group 2 also consisted of 24 patients with duration of illness lasting from 8-20 days
Results: the hematocrits percentage was showing a positive good correlation in these groups with hemoglobin, which is statistically significant [P<0.01]. The bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT of group II were showing a weak negative correlation with hemoglobin but it is statistically significant [P<0.05]. The other parameters of both groups were showing a non-significant correlation
Conclusion: because Falciparum can present like Fulminant hepatitis so liver function tests should be performed along with early diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in order to prevent complications and to reduce mortality
ABSTRACT
Fungi are playing a vital role in the Biological world. Their three forms [Yeasts, Molds and Mushrooms] are important in the preparation of certain foods [cheese, bread, liquors], antibiotics and anti-fungal drugs. They are also good sources of protein [mushrooms] and improve immunity. On the other sides Fungi cause destruction of crops, food commodities and also responsible for important human, animals and plant diseases
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of oral Candidiasis in diabetic patients and to find out the association between APD, dysphagia and gastro esophageal reflux disease in diabetic patients and oral Candidiasis
Patients and methods: it was a Cross sectional study carried out at Pathology [Microbiology] Department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. The sample size was 144 i.e patients having type II diabetes. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 for statistical analysis. Chi square test was applied and p value <0.05 was considered significant
Methodology: oral swabs of 144 diagnosed patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus were taken and cultured on Sabourad's agar, stained by lacto phenol blue and confirmed by germ tube test to see the presence of Candida species
Results: the Candida species were isolated from 47.9% [n=69] of patients. Out of which 65.2% [n= 45] were males and 34.7% females [n=24] were females. The mean age of male patients was 47 years and the mean age of female patients was 51years
Conclusions: oral Cadidiasis in Diabetics has significant association with Acid Peptic Disease [APD], dysphagia and gastro esophageal reflux disease. Therefore, the oral cavity examination must not be neglected in diabetic patients