Comparison of sodium hypochlorite and mixture of tetracyline citric acid and detergent as irrigating material in endodontics

The main objectives of root canal therapy are cleaning, shaping and obturating the canal system in three dimensions and preventing reinfection. So the irrigation is important part of a root canal treatment as it allows for cleaning beyond the reach of root canal instruments. Inadequate irrigation or instrumentation without irrigation increases the accumulation of debris on the cutting surfaces of instruments as well as debris and smear layer on root canal walls. In this review article, comparison of MTAD [mixture of tetracycline citric acid and detergent] and sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] as irrigating material in endodontics is made

Flare-ups following single versus multiple visits in endodontic treatment

The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of post-obturation flare-ups in teeth following single visit versus multiple visits in Root Canal Treatment. Two hundred patients were assigned for single-visit versus multiple visits root canal treatment. For each tooth treated, the clinical factors and conditions existing before and after the completion of treatment were recorded. This data included patient's age, gender, type of tooth, pre-operative status of pulp and periapical tissues and recording pain and swelling [flare-ups] postoperatively after 1 day,1 week and 1 month. Statistics analyzed by chi-square test, SPSS 19. Fifteen out of two hundreds cases showed flare-ups after treated single visit versus multiple visits appointments. All patients in this study suffered irrereversible pulpitis 200 patients divided into two equal groups. Group1 Patients were obturated in single visit while group 2 patients were obturated in multiple visits appointments. It was observed that out of total 15[7.5%] cases of flare-up, 6[40%] were visited multiple time and 9[60%] were visited single time. It was concluded that the incidence of flare-up or post obturation pain is related to the number of visits and clinical experience of the dentist

Electronic apex locator versus conventional radiograph; determination of working length: a prospective in-vivo study

For successful endodontic outcome, accurate working length has to be determined. Even with improved systems of working length [WL] measurement, different readings may be recorded in different electrolytes present in the canal

Methodology: total 90 patients were selected for this prospective in vivo study resented at Department of Operative Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, during 6 months i.e. from 1[st] Sep 2014 to 28[th] Feb 2015, with single rooted permanent mandibular first premolars with matured apices. After extirpated pulp tissue a file was inserted in the canal and WL was obtained by radiograph as well as by electronic apex locator [EAL]. The measurements determined by both methods were compared by applying paired sample t-test. SPSS 18 was used for data analysis

Results: among 90 subjects 37 were males. Mean +/- SD WL obtained radiographically was 19.8 +/- 1.03-m whereas mean +/- SD WL obtained electronically was 18.9 +/- 1.05 mm. Mean difference between measurements of both methods was 0.87-mm, which was statistically significant [P <0.05]

Conclusion: the electronic apex locator was better than the radiograph in determining working length of root canal at statistically significant level

Bird's eye on LMC dental graduates academic contributory role to enhance undergraduate dental education and vision for pakistan: a commentary

Dental education, like Medical education in our country, should now be shifted towards student centered, be Evidence cum Competence based and incorporate room for Faculty Development to meet International trends. This special GJC dentistry commentary is dedicated to the academic contributions of our entire respected LMC dentistry faculty from a lecturer to the level of professor, who taught and trained us to play vital academic role, from the year 1963 till 2013. This commentary is contribution to share our academic role for the promotion of our dynamic skill oriented Oral Health Profession in Pakistan

Comparison of open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation for the treatment of gunshot injuries of mandible

Objectives: To determine the early and late outcome of two treatment options by open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and Maxillomandibular fixation [MMF] in treatment of gunshot injuries of Mandible

Study Design: Prospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery King Edward Medical University/ Mayo hospital Lahore from November 2008 to November 2009

Methodology:Sixty patients of gunshot injury were randomly allocated in two groups. In group A, 30 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and in group B, 30 patients were treated by closed reduction and Maxillomandibular fixation. Postoperative complications were evaluated fortnightly and the outcome between two group were assessed Postoperatively infection, malocclusion, nonunion/ malunion of fracture fragments, facial asymmetry, exposed plate and sequestration of devitalized bone were checked. Patients were discharged as the treatment completed and recalled for post operative follow up

Results: Patients treated by open reduction were having fewer complications as compared to closed reduction i.e. 36.6%, and 50%. P-value [P>0.05] is significant in nonunion, mal union and facial asymmetry

Conclusion: Based on this study open reduction and internal fixation is the best available method for the treatment of gunshot injuries to the mandibular fractures after gunshot injuries