ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate Vitamin D in Pulmonary tuberculosis and normal healthy adults
Study design: Case control study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, from January 2013- June 2014
Subjects and methods: A sample of 209 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients was selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed written consent from the participants, Vitamin D was measured by ARCHITECT I 1000 system for estimation of 25-OH- D[3]. The data was recorded on a pre-structured proforma, and analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: The mean +/-S.D serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] in cases and controls were 27.1+/-9.7 and 36.8+/-8.1 [ngdl[-1]] respectively [p=0.0001].The 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] levels as low as 6 ng/dl were observed in pulmonary tuberculosis subjects. The normal, insufficiency and deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were observed in 37[33%], 16 [14.2%] and 59 [52.6%] in cases respectively compared to controls as 57 [58.7%], 21[21.6%] and 19 [19.5%] respectively
Conclusion: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are significantly Vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D supplements may be prescribed, however further studies are warranted
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine malondialdehyde, blood lipids and anti oxidants in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
Study design: Observational, comparative study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital from February 2013- May 2014
Subjects and methods: 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and 50 healthy controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected after 8-12 hours of fasting. Fasting blood glucose level, lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by Cobas e411 analyzer. Malondialdehyde [MDA], Superoxide dismutase [SOD] and Glutathione peroxidase [GPX] were measured by Diagnostics kit. Zinc and ascorbic acid were measured by using Centronic GmbH-Germany Kit. Albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid were measured on Hitachi Chemistry analyzer. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: MDA, blood lipids and anti oxidant mechanisms showed significant differences between diabetics and healthy controls. Total blood lipids and lipid sub fractions were elevated in diabetics compared to controls. MDA was raised 5.16+/-0.91 vs. 2.16+/-0.62 micro mol/l in diabetics and controls respectively [p=0.0001]. The SOD, GPX, Ascorbic acid, Zinc, albumin, uric acid and bilirubin were reduced in diabetics [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, altered blood lipids and reduced anti oxidant mechanisms. An increase in malondialdehyde and reduction of antioxidant mechanisms may contribute to secondary complications