ABSTRACT
Orthodontic treatment can improve mastication, speech and appearance, as well as overall health, comfort, and self-esteem. However, like many other interventions, orthodontic treatment has inherent risks and complications. Best way to avoid orthodontic treatment complications is to stay away from orthodontic appliances. Thus, if correcting malocclusion is to be of benefit, the advantages it offers should outweigh any possible damage. It is also important to implement risk control procedures during and after orthodontic treatment. Patient selection always plays a vital role in minimizing risks. In this article two cases illustrate the effective treatment in class 2 div 1 malocclusion with single arch treatment. This approach may reduce risk of orthodontic treatment. Observational Study. This study was conducted at the Orthodontics Dept., Islam Dental College, Sialkot. She 22 year old female having history of thumb sucking presented with class II incisors, canines and molars relationship on skeletal class II bases and convex profile. She also have anterior dental open bite with low vertical skeletal relationship.[pre-treatment photographs a-f]. All teeth are erupted except 3[rd] molars at [OPG][Pre-treatment radiographs I]. Cephalometrically Skeletal class 2 with low angle and bimaxillary dental proclination [Pre-treatment radiographs j]. Single arch treatment can be use in selected class 2 cases, where lower arch can be accepted as such, which can give maximum wanted effects of esthetic and function with minimum treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Overbite , CephalometryABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence and severity of low bone density and its correlation with different risk factors for osteoporosis in Quetta. Descriptive cross sectional study. This study was conducted in the suburbs and urban setup of Quetta from February, 2009 to March, 2009. A total of 212 females ranging from 18-72 years of age were selected. The subjects were interviewed regarding dietary calcium, socio-economic conditions and the associated diseases, and risk factors for osteoporosis. The calcaneal bone density of the subjects was measured using Bone Sonometer. Data was employed to differentiate between osteopenic and osteoporotic women and to analyze the results statistically. Risk factors for osteoporosis were highly prevalent. Many rural area subjects were current or former smokers [45%], and were negatively correlated [-.234] with low bone density. Total dietary calcium intake from both the localities was much lower than recommended. Subject with normal bone mineral density [57%] were prevalent, with 56% in rural area residents and 58% in urban area. Amongst all the subjects, 24% were osteopenic, [18% in rural area and 30% in urban area; 19% had osteoporosis with 26% in rural area and 12% in urban area. T-score of all the subjects was positively correlated with physical acitivities and total calcium intake, [p<0.01] and negatively correlated to smoking [r= -0.234, p<0.01], bone fracture history [r=-0.311 p<0.01], junk food especially in the young women of urban locality and old age. The mean t-score of Killi natives was 1.3 compared to an average t-score of -0.9 for urban natives. The risk factors for low bone density and osteoporosis are prevalent in both urban and rural women and are likely to increase during the next decade due to the aging of this population. A comprehensive prevention program to reduce the prevalence of amendable risk factors in this population is necessary
ABSTRACT
In many developing countries of the world where dental health care facilities by college I university trained personnel are limited, or very expensive the poor segments of the society go to unqualified persons [known as quacks] to get dental treatment
Quack is an untrained person who has learnt dentistry either by assisting a dental surgeon or inherited it from his family and later on adopted it as a profession. The treatment provided by them is often far below the normal set standards for sterilization and therefore the chances of a patient being exposed to life threatening conditions such as Hepatitis B, C and AIDS at their end is far more than at the hands of a qualified dental practitioner
The following questionnaire based survey maps the current situation of dental quacks in the urban [65%] and rural [35%] sectors of Federal Area [Islamabad], in terms of their methods of sterilization adopted and their treatment modalities. The main aim was to evaluate problems related to malpractice and professionalism. A diverse range of sterilization methods ranging from autoclaving to the use of plain water irrigation was observed. The opinion of the general public was also sought for, revealing varied ideas from suggesting courses for quacks in order to improve their quality of work to completely banning quackery
This malpractice [Quackery] is harming the public confidence in dentistry and also causing degeneration in professional ethics. Health regulatory authorities should be concerned about the increasing number of complaints about the unconventional health care issues