ABSTRACT
Aim of the work: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Intraocular Pressure[IOP] readings measured by Goldmaan Tonometry and the amount of corneal astigmatism in healthy young subjects and to assess the reliability of the measurements obtained with the instruments
Method: intraocular pressure measurements were obtained by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer [GAT] [Haag-Streit International, Koeniz, Switzerland], while keratometry readings for corneal curvature were obtained by an Auto-Kerato-Refractometer [ARK-KR.8800, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan]. An interval was kept between the keratometric measurements and the IOP measurements. The sequence of measurement was randomized with all participants. Three measurements were taken within ten minutes and the reading was set to one immediately after any measurement were taken
Result: the average age of the volunteers was 22.4 +/- 1.5 years [mean age +/- SD; range: 20-26 years]. Mean Intraocular Pressure [IOP] of the right and left eyes in the first visit [Paired t-test: P = 0.6471] and second visit [Paired t-test: P = 0.5805]. The session one means GAT; IOP was 16.48 +/- 3.33 mmHg and 16.59 +/- 3.47mmHg [right and left eye respectively], while in session two it was15.714 +/- 3.10 mmHg and 15.82 +/- 2.76 [right and left eye respectively]. The mean corneal astigmatism was -0.24 +/- 1.48D, -0.38 +/- 1.53 D, right and left respectively in the first visit and -0.34 +/- 1.44D, -0.40 +/- 1.64D right and left eye second visit respectively
Conclusion: the GAT-IOP was less affected by the amount of corneal astigmatism and GAT-IOP was not significantly higher in eyes with greater corneal astigmatism and the repeatability results, although the differences were stastistically significant, they were not clinically significant
ABSTRACT
Background: the relationship between the sleep pattern and the academic performance among medical students is not well addressed in the literature. This study aimed to assess the association between sleep pattern and academic performance among medical students at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences
Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on male medical students at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They were included and the Exclusion criteria were students in Basic sciences phase and preparatory phase. The questionnaire was obtained from Groninger Sleep Quality Questionnaire and it was distributed through official university email. Responding rate was 25.7%[n=166] out of 645 students whom were included. SPSS was used to manage and analyze the data
Results: the majority of students [27.1%] who showed adequate sleep had GPA of between 3.5 and 4.49 which was referred to good academic performance. 0.6% of those who showed adequate sleep score less than 2.5 GPA. On the other hand, 22.9% of the students showed inadequate sleep score GPA of between 3.5 and 4.49
Conclusions: our results showed that sleep quantity and quality doesn't play significant roles in academic performance of students. Nevertheless, students should adopt a healthy sleep pattern