ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for women in developing countries
Aim and objectives: the aim of the paper is to assess and increase the awareness toward cancer cervix, early detection and prevention of risk factors among Saudi males and females
Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 740 Saudi males and females above the age of 16 years. The participants were randomly enrolled in this study
Results: the participants 446 [60.3%] females and 294 [39.7%] males were included in the study. Majority of the participants [n= 547, 73.9%] have heard about cervical cancer but most of them didn't know that it is a preventable disease [n= 359, 48.5%]. We found that; only 17.6% of the study group has heard about HPV Vaccine. It could be attributed to low level of knowledge about the virus itself, since only 19.9% of the population knew about the virus
Conclusion: there is a great need to increase the educational standards of the society and improve the information and knowledge about this important disease to reduce the number of patients as well as raising the health status of the populations
ABSTRACT
Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adults. The prevalence of asthma has increased in developed and developing countries over the last three decades. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and to describe some related characteristics and associated symptoms of cases in a sample of adolescent secondary-school girls of Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary schools in Riyadh city, during the academic year 2016-2017. A predesigned questionnaire was disseminated to the targeted population to complete it
Results: Out of 154 female students, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 4.5%. The prevalence of rhinitis symptoms, exercise-induced wheezing and night coughing in the past 12 months in physician-diagnosed asthma and exercise-induced wheeze was 42.9%, 28.6% and 28.6%, respectively
Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in female adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was 4.5%, there was with a high rate [42.9%]of rhinitis symptoms among the asthmatic girls. The prevalence of asthma in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was within the reported prevalence ranges from many other parts of the world. Health education sittings is recommended to increase the public awareness about the causes and importance of seeking medical care during and between the attacks of asthma, especially in adolescent period
ABSTRACT
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis [AIH] is considered rare, and it is even rarer in the pediatric population. AIH in the pediatric population is categorized into type 1 and 2, which are differentiated by their autoantibody profiles
Case report: 5 years old Saudi boy presented with history of jaundice, fever and dark urine for 5 days with previous similar history at the age of 3 years. Examination revealed that he was conscious, looks pale and jaundiced but not in respiratory distress and well hydrated. Abdominal examination showed hepatosplenomegaly. Anti-nuclear antibodies [ANA], antismooth muscle antibodies and anti-neutrophilantibodies were positive whereas anti platelet antibodies and anti-mitochondrial antibodies were negative. Hepatitis serology was negative. Magnetic resonant cholangiopancreatogram [MRCP] showed diffuse periportal edema, likely related to liver cirrhosis. Liver biopsy was suggesting end stage biliary cirrhosis. Diagnosis was end stage cirrhosis with biliary features secondary to autoimmune process. The patient was treated with prednisolone, ursodeoxycholic acid, Vitamin K, omeprazol and iron. He was discharged and listed on the liver transplant clinic
Conclusion: This case report highlights and alerts physicians that AIH should always be considered in paediatric patients presenting with chronic liver disease
ABSTRACT
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis with a high prevalence throughout the world. Toxoplasma gondii infection is frequently asymptomatic. Primary school children are particularly vulnerable to toxoplasmosis due to their habits of playing in water, soil, eating various raw foods, or contact with pets, including dogs, cats, and birds and hence they are an ideal target group to investigate T. gondii prevalence. Data collected from this age group can thus be used to assess whether T. gondii threatens the health of school-aged children, and also as a reference for evaluating the need for community interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM in Primary School children and to detect agents that increase prevalence of the disease
Materials and methods: 328 primary children [219 females and 109 males] were screened for T. gondii antibodies with ELISA along with a questionnaire conducted to all children and parents/guardians to obtain data for relevant eating and social habits. Among the risk factors tested, including contact with cats and soil, consumption of raw meat and vegetables, and drinking unboiled milk
Results: the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM was found to be 12 % [40 out of 328] and 2.4 % [8 out of 328], respectively while combined anti Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were found in 1.5 % of the children [5 out of 328]. Infection acquisition rate was directly proportional to age and it was of interest that the most significant risk factor was not the petting of cats but the ingestion of raw meat. The seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG and IgM by ELISA among primary children in this region of Saudi Arabia is considerable with few identifiable significant risk factors reported
Conclusion: effective measures should be taken to prevent and control T. gondii infection in primary school children, the results of this study showed that in order to increase awareness of the disease in the community especially for girls and their parents on common root causes such as raw meat and vegetable is necessary. Policy makers also need to initiate prevention and control programs to not only primary children but also pregnant women and immunocompromised patients in particular because they are more severely affected by T. gondii infection
ABSTRACT
Background: the goal of this study was to highlight the diagnostic methods and approaches toward most devastating cardiac disorders which are cardiac arrhythmias, MI and hypertensive
Methods: we searched thorough electronic databases as, MEDLINE, EMBASE using the following terms individually and/or in combination: 'Cardiac arrhythmias', 'myocardial infarction [MI] ', 'hypertension', 'ventricular arrhythmias'and 'diagnosis', to look for the most important and relevant articles concerning with the diagnostic approaches of hypertension, MI, and arrhythmias in general
Conclusion: some ideal cardiac biochemical markers need to have not only high level of sensitivity but additionally high specificity to coronary infarction. The creatine kinase-MB, a reasonably certain cardiac marker, could be elevated in situations other than acute myocardial infarction. The ECG continues to be a cornerstone in the diagnosis of MI as well as need to be regularly duplicated, particularly if the first ECG is not analysis of MI. The diagnosing high blood pressure consist of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM] as well as self-home] BP surveillance [SBPM] as optional methods for determining hypertensive patients. None of the current standards have actually yet consisted of ABPM or SBPM as essential devices for detecting hypertension, preferring instead to depend on standard workplace analyses tape-recorded by mercury sphygmomanometry
ABSTRACT
Background: in our present review, the main goal was to determine the factors that influence the time of CT in diagnosis of SAH in emergency department, since the ED physicians are the first who are approaches to the patients, awareness and attitude of those physicians are very important for the benefit of SAH patients
Methods: we conducted a comprehensive search using following databases; PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS of studies that involving data on the roles and time of CT in diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] in ED patients with acute headache, published in English language up to 2017
Conclusion: CT within 6 hours might be considered enough to rule out SAH in the following circumstances: a neurologically regular patient, a thunderclap headache presentation, a clear time of beginning, and a modern-day CT scan carried out within 6 hours of beginning read by a going to radiologist. Time from headache beginning to imaging is reasonably associated with favorable imaging for SAH. Postpone to health center presentation represent the biggest portion of time to imaging, especially those without SAH. These findings recommend restricted opportunity to minimize lumbar puncture rates merely by accelerating in-hospital processes when imaging hold-ups are under 2 hours, as diagnostic yield of imaging decreases beyond the 6-hour imaging window from headache beginning