ABSTRACT
Plagiarism is defined as "the practice of taking someone else's words, work or ideas and passing them off as one's own". It is probably the most common form of scientific dishonesty found in research articles. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive account about plagiarism to raise awareness of all aspects of plagiarism. The key words "plagiarism", "types", "detection" and "consequences" were used to retrieve articles from the MEDLINE database. About five hundred articles were retrieved. Articles were divided into subgroups, with each group covering an aspect of plagiarism. Main findings and updates were summarized for each topic. The main reason behind plagiarism was found to be a lack of knowledge about the subject. When coupled with insufficient time, immature writing skills and the pressure on researchers to get their work published in good journals, authors take unacknowledged pieces of others' work and commit plagiarism. In the past, it was difficult to detect plagiarism; however, in recent years, many plagiarism-detection services and software programs have become available. The present article details how journals use these services and software as a helpful tool to check for plagiarism in submitted manuscripts. Within academia, plagiarism is an offense that can be devastating. Plagiarism is the most common problem in research writing. The cornerstone in preventing this problem from getting worse is to raise awareness about how to cope with this growing problem of research misconduct
Subject(s)
Biomedical ResearchABSTRACT
To observe the frequency of breast cancer among Saudi patients and to highlight the age variations and features of advanced cancer. A retrospective study of breast cancer biopsies from all Saudi patients performed between January 2006 and December 2013 in King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All the available demographic and tumor related data was analyzed. Of 1005 breast tissues reviewed, 982 specimens were from female, and 23 from male patients. In females, 398 specimens [40.5%] were diagnosed as malignant. Invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] [85.2%] was most common, followed by ductal carcinoma in situ [8%], and invasive lobular carcinoma [2.7%]. The mean age of Saudi females with IDC was 46.9 years. Approximately 48.7% IDC were Grade III tumors. A tumor size >2.5 cm was found in 61.1% patients, whereas axillary nodal metastasis was present in 57.1% and lymphovascular invasion in 64.1% who underwent axillary nodal dissection. In males, 4 specimens [17.4%] were malignant [all IDC]. Our finding are consistent with previous reports of breast cancer being diagnosed in younger age group, in advanced stages, and with features of aggressive behavior; which signals the urgency for implementation of breast screening programs.