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Endodontically treated teeth are most commonly restored using post-retained foundation restoration and a crown which has certain well-established drawbacks. Nowadays, the emergence of minimal invasive dentistry has led to increased use of endocrowns for restoring such teeth. However, their indications and success rates have not been explored widely enough to merit their full implementation in dental practice. This systematic review attempts to achieve this purpose by accumulating evidence from current literature that underscores endocrowns’ indications and success rates. METHODSThe electronic search strategy was performed in three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO) using MeSH terms endocrowns, or endocrown success rates of endocrowns or endo crowns in dentistry or endodontically treated teeth or ceramic or monoblock or CAD-CAM, confined to articles published between 1st January 2015 and 20th November of 2019. All selected articles were evaluated to determine as to whether or not they could be included in the SR. Abstracts and titles were screened independently by 2 investigators and duplicates if any were removed. For possible inclusion after reading abstract, full-text assessment of the article was performed based on eligibility criteria. Manual extraction of data from the retrieved publications was done. RESULTSA total of 20 articles was found on related topic from electronic and manual searching, out of which, 2 were duplicates and hence removed. Further 7 articles were removed in screening and again 2 were removed after reading full-text, thus making the final count of 9 articles for the systematic review. Among the nine articles, 3 were clinical studies, 1 was a retrospective patient series study, while remaining were in-vitro studies. Out of 9, 7 articles (77 %) reported endocrowns to be successful and 2 articles (22 %) gave contrary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Most of the articles included in this SR agree that endocrowns are a desirable restorative tool in dentistry. Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses with a significant number of included publications and studies should be conducted to expand the generalizability potential of such results
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Aim:To assess mother's knowledge and attitude regarding self-expressed milk in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Study Area:An observational and cross sectional study done in Obstetric Department (Well Baby and immunization Clinics) in King Fahd Central Hospital (KFCH), Jazan, Saudi Arabia and in six PHCCs in Jazan (randomly selected) from December 2016 -March 2017 Pregnantwomen who delivered babies before and post-partum women in Obstetric departments, Obstetric outpatient clinic, mother’s in well baby, and immunization clinics in mentioned areas were included in the study. Stratified multistage sampling techniques were used. N = 499 Saudi mothers calculated according to survey system with confidence level % 95. The questionnaire was self-administering questionnaire (in Arabic language). All data processed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Shapiro-Wilk test. Kruskal-Wallis test used to see the association between level of knowledge and practice with demographic variables that contains more than 2 variables. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlationwere used.Results:Total of 499 motherswas participating aged 30±7 years with mean number of kids 2.98 ± 2. Mothers heard about self-expressed breast milks accounts 73.5%and 236 mothers of them were practice it. Both level of knowledge and practice accuracy were inadequate. Around one third of mothers heard about it from social media. More than third of the women practice it because of work related issues. The higher the educational level was the higher knowledge (p<0.001). Age and number of kids, has no statistically significant effect on theknowledge level (P= 0.417, 0.285). Working mothers have higher knowledge level than house wife and students (p<0.001), nurses especially who toke breast feeding teaching have higher knowledge level than physicians then teachers (p<0.001). Mothers who toke their knowledge from breast feeding courses have the highest knowledge level followed by medical stuffs other than physicians followed by social media and internet websites then physicians then mothers and last are friends (p<0.001). Mothers with moreaccurate practice were more knowledgeable than mothers with less accurate practices (p<0.001).Conclusion:Mothers knowledge and practice regarding self-expressed breast milk needed to be improved in order to give the babies better chance for exclusive breast feeding. Breast feeding courses for mothers give better results in term of accuracy of mother’s knowledge and practice of expressed breast milk
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PURPOSE: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy is indicated for some refractory urological conditions. The electrode lead position in sacral x-rays during routine follow-up may predict the outcome of SNM therapy. To determine whether the radiographic position of the electrode in the sacral foramen predicted the long-term outcome of SNM therapy. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent InterStim SNM at Toronto Western Hospital by 2 surgeons from July 2013 to March 2014. The position of electrodes in relation to the sacral bone was assessed on follow-up sacral x-rays. In the lateral view, we determined the location of the radio-opaque marker of the electrode relative to the inner surface of the sacrum (P3, D3, P2, D2, P1, D1, P0, and D0). In the anteroposterior view, the angle between a line through the spinous process shadow and the electrode was measured (0°–30°, 30°–60°, 60°–90°, >90°, or medial). Dissatisfied patients were defined as those who did not improve based on a voiding diary or those who needed salvage treatment after SNM. The primary endpoint was to determine whether the electrode lead position on sacral x-rays predicted the outcome of SNM therapy. RESULTS: A total of 69 patients (61 female and 8 male patients) were included, with a median age of 55 years. Forty-two of the patients (60.9%) had refractory overactive bladder, 21 (30.4%) suffered from chronic urinary retention, and 6 (8.7%) had lower urinary tract symptoms and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The univariate analysis did not show any correlation between SNM response and the electrode position or angle. Dummy regression analysis using response to implantation as the dependent outcome variable did not show any significance for any of the predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not show a correlation between the long-term response to SNM and the electrode position on follow-up sacral x-rays. In this study, electrode lead position in sacral x-ray at follow-up was not correlated with the outcome of SNM therapy.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Electrodes , Follow-Up Studies , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms , Pelvic Pain , Retrospective Studies , Sacrum , Salvage Therapy , Surgeons , Urinary Bladder, Overactive , Urinary Incontinence , Urinary RetentionABSTRACT
Objective: To focus on the analysis of chemical constituents of the Thymus vulgaris L. (locally known as Zaitra or Za'atar; Family: Lamiaceae) which is available in the market of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The Zaitra oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectra were compared with the standard spectra available in National Institute Standard and Technique library. Results: The results indicated that the Thymus oil is composed of many chemical compounds including a pinene, thymol and caryophyllene which are biologically active and also used in various diseases. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the Thymus vulgaris due to presence of many bioactive compounds can be used as a new potential source of medicine for the treatment of various types of illness.
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To assess the frequency and contributing factors of arthritis among patients in GMC hospital, Ajman, UAE. A cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 304 patients attending the Out-patient departments of GMC hospital. Variables included socio -demographic variables, type and location of arthritis, aggravating and relieving factors. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20. Chi square test was done for associations, p value less than 0.05 is considered to be significant. The total number of patients surveyed 17.4% had arthritis, 18.8% of males and 13.4% of females had arthritis. Patients with the highest BMI had the highest frequency of arthritis [20.4%]. Arthritis was seen in 31.9% of smokers 11.0% of non-smokers highest frequency of arthritis was seen in UAE nationals. The frequency of arthritis increased with increasing age. The most common type of the disease was osteoarthritis at 47.1%. Knee was the most common site of arthritis. The workers in the skilled category had the highest percentage of arthritis. Pain was reported as the most common symptom amongst Arthritis patients. The most common exercise among arthritis patients was walking. The most common aggravating factor was changing position and the least common was temperature. The most common relieving factor was rest and the least common was medication. Among the different management therapies for our arthritis patients, the most commonly used therapy Analgesics. The frequency of arthritis was in about one fifth of our patients. Arthritis was more among smokers and obese individuals. These risk factors can be modified by increasing awareness among patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Obesity , Smoking , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
Losartan potassium, Valsartan, Telmisartan and Irbesartan are angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists [ARA II] group which used in treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other drugs mainly Hydrochlorothiazide. RP- HPLC method was developed for the assay of three angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists [ARA-IIs] in presence of Hydrochlorothiazide. The method was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using a mobile phase which is consisted of 0.025 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate [pH 6.0]: acetonitrile = 65:35% with detection at 220 nm on an ACE CIS column [250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm] at flow rate 1.5 mL/min in an isocratic manner. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidline in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation
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The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence, causes, associated conditions, outcome and therapy of hemodialysis-associated septicaemia. The files of all 61 haemodialysis patients who developed septicaemia from 01.01.2000 to 31.12.2001 were studied. The following parameters were analyzed - age, gender, vascular access lifespan, type of access, causative organism, therapy, salvage or loss of vascular access, mortality, Kt/V, haemoglobin, albumin, underlying cause of renal failure, need for hospitalisation and duration on dialysis. Patients who did not develop septicaemia over the same period acted as controls. There were 78 episodes of septicaemia in 61 patients. The overall annual incidence of septicaemia was 14%. The annual incidence differs accordingly to type of vascular access, being 2.8% for arteriovenous fistula [AVF], 35% for permanent catheter [PC], 42.5% for jugular catheter [JC] and 100% for femoral catheter [FC]. The commonest causative organism was staphylococcus species [52.6%] followed by pseudomonas [10%] and acinobacter [4%]. Haemoglobin and albumin levels were lower in the septicaemic group but this did not reach statistical significance. However, there were statistically significant differences in Kt/V [P>. 0003], presence of diabetic nephropathy [P>. 050], catheter vs. AVF [P>. 0001]. No difference could be noted in relation to age or sex. The duration on dialysis was significantly greater in the control group [47.7 months vs. 17.8 months>.005]. The mortality rate was 6.5%, the hospitalisation rate was 48.7% and 56.4% of the access catheter were preserved. Seventy-five percent of the patients who died were diabetic [compared to 38% in those who survived]; their mean age was 57.7 years compared to the mean age of the whole group of 52.5 years. The mean duration on dialysis was 3.1 months compared to 17.8 months in the surviving patients. The therapy consisted of vancomycin alone in 45 episodes, vancomycin based in 14 episodes, gentamycin alone in 6 episodes and others in 11 episodes. Septicaemia is common in haemodialysis patients. It is particularly common when catheter accesses are used. Staphylococcus species is the commonest causative organism. Early aggressive therapy with vancomycin with or without gentamycin reduces the mortality, morbidity and access loss