Awareness of chronic kidney disease in hail region

Background: Chronic kidney disease [CKD] is a common and growing problem worldwide; Earlier recognition of chronic kidney disease [CKD] could slow progression, prevent complications, and reduce cardiovascular-related outcomes

Study Objective: to show the knowledge of the population Hail region on CKD and its causes, risk factors, appropriate treatment, and consequences

Methods: A cross sectional study carried out in Hail region during the period from 1 October to 31 December. Data was collected by personal interview using a predesigned questionnaire containing all the relevant questions

Results: Majority [60%] of participant have a good knowledge about CKD, 678 [71.4%] of participant think that alcohol drinking are the most cause of CKD, 81.2% think smoking, 62.7% think DM and 60.7% think that hypertension is the cause. Side pain are the most [84.4%] known symptom of CKD followed by difficulty urination known in 74.4%, Oliguria in 67.8% and hypertension in 34.4%. About the risk factors of the disease, 96.6% think that some food was the risk factors of CKD, 89.8% think about obesity, 81.5% think about Analgesic, 56.0% think about DM and 30.5% think about positive family history of CKD. It's found also that 85.6% of participant know that CKD 85.6% can't be treated without renal transplantation, 83.3% with dialysis and 71.2% by drugs also large number of them know that it can be treated in high percentage. Almost all of them say that CKD can be decreased by performing muscular exercises

Conclusion: Current estimates of CKD awareness indicate that awareness remains unsatisfactory. Also, little is known regarding whether increased awareness improves clinical outcomes for CKD patients. Further research is necessary to continue to design and refine awareness campaigns aimed at dissemination of basic CKD information, given both the high prevalence of CKD and its risk factors and the low estimated awareness of CKD

Factors associated with poor asthma control in the outpatient clinic setting

The goal of the study was to assess asthma control using asthma control test [ACT] and to explore the factors that effects asthma control among participants with bronchial asthma in the outpatient clinic setting. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the outpatient primary care clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Adult patients who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma by their primary treating physician were recruited over a 6-month period. Patients completed the ACT and questionnaires, which identified factors that affect asthma control. Four hundred asthmatic patients [n = 400] were enrolled, and 70% of these patients were women. Fifty-four percent of patients inappropriately used the inhaler device. The estimated prevalence of uncontrolled asthma at the time of the study was 39.8%. Inappropriate device use by the patient was more frequently associated with uncontrolled asthma [P - value = 0.001]. Active smoking [P - value = 0.007], passive smoking [P - value = 0.019], unsealed mattress [P - value = 0.030], and workplace triggers [P - value = 0.036] were also associated with uncontrolled asthma. However, the extent of asthma control did not appear to be related to the existence of regular follow-ups, bedroom carpets, outpatient clinic visits, age, body mass index [BMI], or duration of asthma. The present study identified a high prevalence of uncontrolled asthma in the primary outpatient clinic setting and common risk factors that may contribute to poor asthma control

Validation of the arabic version of the epworth sleepiness scale

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] is a questionnaire widely used in developed countries to measure daytime sleepiness and diagnose sleep disorders. This study aimed to develop an ESS questionnaire for the Arabic population [ArESS], to determine ArESS internal consistency, and to measure ArESS test-retest reproducibility. It also investigated whether the normal range of ESS scores of healthy people in different cultures are similar. The original ESS questionnaire was translated from English to Arabic and back-translated to English. In both the English and Arabic translations of the survey, ESS consists of eight different situations. The subject was asked to rate the chance of dozing in each situation on a scale of 0-3 with total scores ranging between 0 [normal sleep] and 24 [very sleepy]. An Arabic translation of the ESS questionnaire was administered to 90 healthy subjects. Item analysis revealed high internal consistency within ArESS questionnaire [Cronbach's alpha = 0.86 in the initial test, and 0.89 in the retest]. The test-retest intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] shows that the test-retest reliability was substantially high: ICC = 0.86 [95% confidence interval: 0.789-0.909, p-value < 0.001]. The difference in ArESS scores between the initial test and retest was not significantly different from zero [average difference = -0.19, t = -0.51, df = 89, p-value = 0.611]. In this study, the averages of the ESS scores [6.3 +/- 4.7, range 0-20 in the initial test and 6.5 +/- 5.3, range 0-20 in the retest] are considered high in Western cultures. The study shows that the ArESS is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in Arabic-speaking populations to measure daytime sleepiness. The current study has shown that the average ESS score of healthy Arabian subjects is significantly higher than in Western cultures

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency in two unrelated Saudi patients

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase [PNP] deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in combined immunodeficiency, neurologic dysfunction and autoimmunity. PNP deficiency has never been reported from Saudi Arabia or in patients with an Arabic ethnic background. We report on two Saudi girls with PNP deficiency. Both showed severe lymphopenia and neurological involvement. Sequencing of the PNP gene of one girl revealed a novel missense mutation Pro146>Leu in exon 4 due to a change in the codon from CCT>CTT. Expression of PNP [146L] cDNA in E coli indicated that the mutation greatly reduced, but did not completely eliminate PNP activity