ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to document clinical features of inguinal hernia [IH] in the pediatric populace. It delivers data to assess related risk factors of incarcerated hernia, its reappearance in addition to the occurrence of contra lateral metachronous hernia
Materials and Methods: We report a retrospective analytic study comprising 230 children presenting with IH and operated from April 2015 to June 2017 in the pediatric surgery department, King Abdulaziz Hospital
Results: We managed 36 girls [15.6%] and 194 boys [84.4%]. The mean age was 3 years; The median age in the studied group was 3 years [range 22 days to 12 years]. Males were predominantly affected [84.4%, n = 194]. The rate of IH was more important in the youngest group [age < 2 years]; thus, we accounted 43.5% [n= 100] infants. The cumulative incidence of hernia in the 2-6-year age group was 34.7% [n = 80]. Thirteen percent [n = 31] of these patients presented with an incarceration mostly on the right side [62.6%, n = 154]. We recognized that the total rate of incarcerated hernia incidence in premature group was evaluated at 27%. This rate was high, particularly in neonates and infants. Prematurity and hypotrophy were documented in 9% and 7% respectively. The mean follow-up period was 3.8 years. We think that incarceration can be related to several risk factors such as feminine gender, prematurity, and the initial left side surgical repair of the hernia
Conclusion: IH occurs mainly in male infants. Prematurity and male gender was identified as risk factors of incarceration. Contralateral metachronous hernia was reported, especially in female infants and after a left side surgical repair of the hernia
ABSTRACT
Background: Mental health patients with self-stigma often loss their self-esteem
The objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of mental illnesses stigma and its association with quality of life in adult Saudi patients attending the out patient's in psychiatry department in King Fahad University Hospital at Al Khobar, KSA
Methods: This is a cross sectional study. A demographic data including age, sex, marital status and occupation were collected in addition to a 32 question-based questionnaire with different variables divided into three parts; To gain further perspective on discrimination experienced by persons with mental illness. To study rejection experienced by mentally ill patients. To evaluate the patients coping ways to stigma which characterized by secrecy, avoidance and withdrawal, and advocacy and confrontation
Results: There were 71 [34.6%] women, 112 [54.6%] men. About third [36.6%] of respondent agrees that people think of mentally ill patients as untrustworthy. Almost half of them [44.9%] disagree that people find them dangerous. The same percent [44.9%] agree that people take them less seriously.41.5% of them feel that people avoid them. More than half of them 51.2% disagree that someone will not take them as close friend. But 54.6% didn't feel any avoidance from relative, neighbors or colleagues [missing data 11.2%]. 67.8% also, didn't feel any avoidance from family members. More than half [55.1%] tries to hide the fact that they are mentally ill and 72.2% will not avoid getting married or starting a family because of their mental illness history
Conclusion: Our study indicated that most of mental health patients in our community have experienced moderate to severe level of stigma. Future researches are needed to study the prevalence of stigma and rejection in mental health patients allover Saudi Arabia. Community awareness campaigns to raise the knowledge that mental illness is a disease like other body diseases and there is no shame of being mental health patient