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PURPOSE@#. This study assessed the physical and mechanical properties of interim crown materials fabricated using various digital techniques after accelerated aging. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#. Three groups of interim dental restorative materials (N = 20) were tested. The first group (CO) was fabricated using a conventional manual method. The second group (ML) was prepared from prefabricated resin blocks for the milling method and cut into specimen sizes using a cutting disc. The third group (3D) was additively manufactured using a digital light-processing (DLP) 3D printer. Aging acceleration treatments using toothbrushing and thermocycling simulators were applied to half of the specimens corresponding to three years of usage in the oral environment (N = 10).Surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness, 3-point bending, sorption, and solubility tests were performed. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s multiple comparison test were used to compare the results among the groups. @*RESULTS@#. The mean surface roughness (Ra) of the resin after accelerated aging was significantly higher in the CO and ML groups than that before aging, but not in the 3D group. All groups showed reduced hardness after accelerated aging.The flexural strength values were highest in the 3D group, followed by the ML and CO groups after accelerated aging. Accelerated aging significantly reduced water sorption in the ML group. @*CONCLUSION@#. According to the tested material and 3D printer type, both 3D-printed and milled interim restoration resins showed higher flexural strength and modulus, and lower surface roughness than those prepared by the conventional method after accelerated aging.
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Background: Depression is a common mental disorder in adults, and the World Health Organization (WHO) hasranked it as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Doctors are not immune to the disorder; in fact,they have a higher risk than the general population, which affects the physician’s life and compromises the qualityof the health services. In Saudi Arabia, resident doctors’ mental health is under-recognized, and more studiesneed to be conducted to fill this gap. Objectives: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of depressionamong resident doctors working at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, and analyzing the associated factors.Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The resident doctors in KFMC hospital in Riyadhparticipated in this study by filling questionnaires, including a depression-screening instrument (CES-D), asociodemographic datasheet, and questions about other associated factors. Results: One hundred and nineteenresidents responded with an overall response rate of 70%. Based on categorical levels of the CES-D, 41% (49)did not have depression, 20% (24) had mild to moderate depression, and 39% (46) had probable majordepression. There were significant differences in depression by gender with higher rates among women (55.1%)than men (27.1%). Further, participants with a history of depression were more likely to have depression (62%).
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Background/Aims@#Limited data is available in Saudi Arabia (SA) regarding the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms and its subtypes, as defined by the ROME IV criteria. This study evaluated the burden of self-reported FD symptoms in the adult general population of SA and the current clinical practices. @*Methods@#A web-based national cross-sectional health survey of the general population of SA was conducted using the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults with additional questions on the presence of symptoms compatible with functional heartburn (FH) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The quality of life and somatization questionnaires were also included. @*Results@#Overall, 3,114 adults completed the questionnaire, but 303 (9.7%) were excluded due to inconsistent responses. Of the 2,811 consistent responders, 532 (18.3%) fulfilled the Rome IV criteria for FD symptoms. These were distributed into the FD subtypes as follows: 208 (7.4%) had postprandial distress syndrome, 228 (8.1%) had epigastric pain syndrome, and 96 (3.4%) had the overlapping variant. IBS-like symptoms were reported in 232 (44%) and FH in 102 (19%) 19% (102) of the subjects with functional dyspepsia. H. pylori-associated dyspepsia was reported by 25% (87/348). High somatization, lower quality of life scores, younger age, and female sex were associated more with the FD symptoms participants than those without. Approximately 1/5 respondents used over-the-counter medications to relieve the FD symptoms. @*Conclusions@#In this population-based survey, FD affected almost 1/5 of the responding adult population in SA, which was less than previously reported.
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Background/Aims@#Limited data is available in Saudi Arabia (SA) regarding the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms and its subtypes, as defined by the ROME IV criteria. This study evaluated the burden of self-reported FD symptoms in the adult general population of SA and the current clinical practices. @*Methods@#A web-based national cross-sectional health survey of the general population of SA was conducted using the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults with additional questions on the presence of symptoms compatible with functional heartburn (FH) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The quality of life and somatization questionnaires were also included. @*Results@#Overall, 3,114 adults completed the questionnaire, but 303 (9.7%) were excluded due to inconsistent responses. Of the 2,811 consistent responders, 532 (18.3%) fulfilled the Rome IV criteria for FD symptoms. These were distributed into the FD subtypes as follows: 208 (7.4%) had postprandial distress syndrome, 228 (8.1%) had epigastric pain syndrome, and 96 (3.4%) had the overlapping variant. IBS-like symptoms were reported in 232 (44%) and FH in 102 (19%) 19% (102) of the subjects with functional dyspepsia. H. pylori-associated dyspepsia was reported by 25% (87/348). High somatization, lower quality of life scores, younger age, and female sex were associated more with the FD symptoms participants than those without. Approximately 1/5 respondents used over-the-counter medications to relieve the FD symptoms. @*Conclusions@#In this population-based survey, FD affected almost 1/5 of the responding adult population in SA, which was less than previously reported.
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Background: Exposure of Physicians to some stress factors during the occupational environmental work could induce some psychological problems. The first postgraduate years are particularly susceptible to these problems. In Arab countries, epidemiological data about psychological morbidity among medical undergraduate students are scarce. The Objective of the present study was to assess anxiety and depression levels among the third-year imam medical college students
Methods: A cross sectional study was done on the medical students of the 3rd year at Imam University; College of Medicine in Riyadh city on 2013. The sample consisted of 50 male medical students. The Higher Education Stress Inventory [HESI] was used in data collection
Results: Our results showed that 24% of the students were with minimal depression, 18% of students was with mild depression, 8% of student was with moderate depression, 2% of student was with moderately severe depression and none [0%] of student was reported with severe depression
Conclusion: The study indicated that medical students are extra sensitive to deal with the environmental occupational atmosphere which stress factors could prevail, so, depression and anxiety are common among medical students. Large, prospective, multicenter, multi-method studies are needed to identify personal and curricula features that influence stress, depression, anxiety and coping strategies among medical students. The study findings highlighted the need of psychiatric counseling and preventive mental health services to be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students
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Background: Physical activity could enhance the personal wellbeing and reduce the risks of many medical disease around the world
Objectives: Assessing the knowledge and attitude and practice [KAP] of family towards physical activity in Makkah city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]
Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional questionnaire sheet study conducted in Makkah City from September to November 2017among 400families from different parts of Makkah City
Results: Most of the subjects had appropriable knowledge about the importance of physical activity and risk factors of physical inactivity. The attitude of the subjects was positive among most of them toward regular physical exercise, enhancing their family to practice physical activity and practicing physical activity with their family. The level of practice was insufficient among most of the respondents regarding sports practice with their family and going for a long walk with their family. But the majority taught their children about the importance of physical activity and 50.5% let their children practice swimming and light physical activity
Conclusion: Although most of the subjects had good knowledge and attitude toward physical activity, the practice pattern was insufficient among most of them. There is a need for enhancing the physical activities among families in KSA and assessing the prevalence of chronic diseases among physically inactive subjects
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Background: type 2 diabetes [DM] mellitus and Hypertension [HT] are among the most common chronic non-communicable diseases affecting at a higher prevalence in the older age group. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence rate and risk factor associated with co-existence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in elderly population in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia
Methods: a cross sectional study, included 181 elderly attending seven randomly selected primary healthcare centers in Arar city during the period from 1st January to 30th June 2017. Participants selected using a systemic random sampling procedure as we take every second elderly attending the PHC during the study period. Data collected by means of personal interview using a predesigned questionnaire covering the required items
Results: the prevalence of coexistence of diabetes and hypertension was 16.6% while coexistence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity were found in 9.9%. Two-thirds [66.66%] of cases of coexisting diabetes and hypertension were females [P value>0.05]. The relation between coexisting diabetes and hypertension with smoking status was significant [P value<0.05] while the relation with BMI was non-significant [P value>0.05]
Conclusion: coexistence of diabetes and hypertension were found in 16.6% of elderly population of Arar, Northern KSA. This association leads to several cardiovascular complications, so it is mandatory to adopt more strategies for the control of DM and HT in Arar elderly population by appropriate methods
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Breaking bad news is one of the most stressful and difficult things a physician has to do. Good communication skills are required in order to ensure that bad news is delivered in a humane but effective way. This study was designed to explore the preferences and attitude of the Saudi population toward receiving bad news. Second, it was to identify the associations between preferences, attitudes, and sociodemographic characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study conducted during the month of April 2009 in Riyadh. Data were collected from 1013 adult Saudis. Stratified random sampling technique was used through a self-administered questionnaire. In this study, 474 [46.8%] were males and 539 [53.2%] were females. Almost two-third of the participants preferred to be the first to receive the bad news. A majority of the participants 695 [68.6%] preferred to be told the bad news at a private place, whereas, 441 [43.5%] preferred to be told by the head of the medical team. Moreover, almost half of the participants would like the one who breaks the bad news to remain with them to give them some more information about the disease. Significant associations were observed between participants' perception and attitude with age, marital status, gender, and education [P < 0.001], respectively. Factors such as marital status, age, and gender, and education play significant roles in how bad news is received. Understanding what is important in the process of breaking bad news may help in determining how best to perform this challenging task