Effect of diclofenac alone or in combination with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in healthy and osteoarthritic individuals

To investigate the effects of diclofenac alone or when combined with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs] in healthy and osteoarthritic [OA] patients. The study was carried out at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period 1999 to 2000. Twelve healthy controls and 12 osteoarthritic patients were recruited to the study. Twelve healthy controls and osteoarthritic patients were given diclofenac 50 mg thrice daily orally, initially for 5 days then alpha-tocopherol at 200 mg thrice daily orally, was added for another 5 days. Blood samples were drawn before the start of the study [pre-treatment] and at 5 days following treatment with diclofenac alone and 10 days following treatment with diclofenac and alpha-tocopherol. Chemiluminescence [CL] response was measured for whole blood and isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs] on all samples. Diclofenac enhanced CL response of whole blood and of PMNs of healthy controls when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate [PMA] and opsonized zymosan [OPZ]. Co-treatment with alpha-tocopherol resulted in no appreciable change in the CL response of whole blood when stimulated with PMA or OPZ but a further significant enhancement of CL response of isolated PMNs when these cells were stimulated by either PMA or OPZ. In osteoarthritic patients, diclofenac alone and when combined with alpha-tocopherol showed no significant change in CL response of whole blood. The CL response of PMNs from OA patients was decreased by diclofenac alone. However, this inhibitory effect was not observed when alpha-tocopherol was used together with diclofenac. The effect of diclofenac alone or in combination with alpha-tocopherol did not produce a consistent effect on the CL response of whole blood or isolated PMNs of healthy or osteoarthritic patients

How Common is back pain in Al-Qassim region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of back pain in the adult population of Al-Qaseem Central Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to find associated features and factors. A house-to-house survey covering 1,000 household in the towns and villages of Al-Qaseem province was carried out over a period of 18 months extending from September 1993 until the end of February 1995. A total of 5,894 adults, aged 16 years and above, were questioned by trained staff regarding back pain, and the demographic data in addition to general, medical and social history. A response was obtained in 5,743 [97.4%]. Their mean age was 34.14 ' 15.16 [range 16-99]. Back pain was reported by 1,081 [18.8%], wherein 499 [8.8%] were men, and 574 [10%] were women. Back pain was more prevalent in married [23.3%] individuals than unmarried [6.4%]. Adjusted odds ratio [OR] for back pain in married individuals was 1.88 [95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.49-2.37]. Back pain was strongly correlated with age [correlation coefficient = 0.378 P < 0.01]. It also showed significant correlation with weight and height, depression, family history of back pain, change in work ability, frequency of attendance at local doctor, use of medication and lower education level. The association with body mass index became evident only after comparing the heaviest 20th percentile to the lightest [OR 1.335 [95% CI, 1.279-1.402]]. Certain occupational status [unemployed, farmers, professional workers and housewives] were associated with back pain. Back pain was relatively common in this largely unindustrialized community although its prevalence is lower than reported from some western countries

Interaction of allopurinol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema

To find out the effect of combining allopurinol with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The study was carried out at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over the period 1999 to 2000. Male wistar rats were randomly divided into 12-16 rats in each group. Edema was induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan [10 mg/ml] and the resulting edema volume was measured by plethysmograph, 3 hours after the injections. Saline of 0.9% [0.1 ml/100 g] was administered to the first group serving as control. The second and third groups received variable concentration of allopurinol [12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg] and tenoxicam [0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 mg/kg] 30 minutes before carrageenan injection. The fourth group received a combination of tenoxicam and allopurinol. Similar procedures were carried out with respect to diclofenac at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg and indomethacin at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg. The activities of the drugs were expressed as percentage inhibition of edema. Pre-treatment of the rats with the 4 drugs individually resulted in dose-dependent reduction of volume of paw edema. The combination of allopurinol and diclofenac acted synergistically to reduce edema. A similar synergistic action was obtained when allopurinol was combined with indomethacin. By contrast, tenoxicam-allopurinol combination resulted in antagonistic action and produced an effect on edema, which was less than their individual inhibitory action. Combining allopurinol with either diclofenac or indomethacin produced synergistic inhibitory action on rat's paw edema. However, tenoxicam, when combined with allopurinol, produced antagonism

Pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease

Among 51 patients with Behcet's disease diagnosed at our centers between 1979 and May 1989, nine had major pulmonary involvement [18%]. All were males with a mean age of 30 years. Four presented with hemoptysis, three with chest pain, and two with both; all had orogenital ulcers but only one patient had uveitis. Three patients were found to have pleural effusion, four had pulmonary artery aneurysm with vasculitis, one had thoracic aortic aneurysm, and one had widespread pulmonary thrombonembolism. Good clinical and radiological responses were seen after treatment with either steroids alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents

Behcet's disease in Saudi Arabia

Forty-six patients with Behcet's disease were studied. Of those, 37 were Saudi and 9 were non-Saudi Arabia. Male-to-female ratio was 4.1:1. One hundred percent had mouth ulcers, 91% genital ulcers, 65 ocular involvement, 61% skin lesions, 59% joint involvement [nonerosive], 35% central nervous system manifestations, 26% gastrointestinal involvement, 26% vascular lesions, 11% psychiatric problems, and 11% pulmonary involvement. Only one patient had renal involvement which was documented by biopsy. In 72% of the patients, HLA-B5 [51] was positive