ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common type of the metabolic endocrine disorders. It is categorized as the thirdcause of death after heart and cancer diseases. Due to the undesirable side effects of the synthetic anti-diabetic drugs,the medicinal plants were selected for DM treatment. The recent studies directed to use nanotechnology in medicine toovercome restrictions of the drugs that were represented by weak bioavailability, insolubility in water, low absorptionby the intestine, and inability to reach to the appropriate site of action. The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant,antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic effect of Bauhinia variegata (B. variegata) extract before and after incorporating goldnanoparticles (Au-NPs) against DM induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. The present study conducted on 36 malealbino Western rats divided into six groups {control, B. variegata extract treated group, B. variegata gold nano-extracttreated group, diabetic group [injected by STZ intrapretinoally (i.p.) at a dose of 60 mg/kg], diabetic rats treatedwith B. variegata extract, and B. variegata gold nano-extract groups}. The DM related biochemical functions (liverand kidney functions, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile) were assayed. Moreover, the enzymatic and non-enzymaticantioxidants were assayed in addition to lipid peroxidation products in liver and pancreas. Furthermore, the nativeprotein, lipoprotein patterns, and isoenzymes were electrophoretically studied. It was found that the administrationof both B. variegata extract and nano-extract to diabetic rats ameliorated the deleterious effects that occurred asa result of STZ injection and restored the biochemical functions in addition to levels of hepatic and pancreaticantioxidants to normalcy. These findings were supported by the histopathological examination. It was concluded thatB. variegata nano-extract exhibited more antidiabetic effect through restoring the normal architecture of pancreaticβ-cells in addition to the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effect than extract alone, which indicated that the efficacy ofB. variegata extract was increased after the incorporation of Au-NPs.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to detect the effects of L-T4 treatment on bone mineral and body composition in hypothyroid children, Thirty five hypothyroid patients [10 males and 25 females], mean age was 11.57 +/- 5.06 yr. Twenty six children of matched age and sex served as controls, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] was done to detect the bone mineral density [BMD], bone mineral content [BMC] and Z score at lumbar and femur neck regions. Body composition was also studied by DXA. Serum calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, osteoprotegrin and urinary deoxypyridinoline were measured. No significant differences were detected in lumbar Z score [-0.19 +/- 0.65] and femur Z score [-0.16 +/- 0.57] compared to controls [-0.33 +/- 0.75] and [-0.21 +/- 0.53] respectively. BMD and BMC are not significantly different from controls. No significant difference was detected between cases and controls as regard body composition. Positive correlation was detected between BMD and age [r 0.857, P<0.01], and with the period of treatment [r=0.766, P<0.01]. Positive correlation was existed between BMD and total body fat [r=0.693, P<0.01], and with abdominal fat [r=0.667, P<0.01]. L-T4 treatment in hypothyroid children doesn't alter bone metabolism and body composition
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thyroxine , Thyroxine/adverse effects , Bone Density , Body Composition , ChildABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value and spectrum of pituitary MRI findings in cases of pituitary dwarfism and to elicit the correlation between MRI findings and maximum growth hormone values. MR images of 56 patients with clinical and hormonal proven pituitary dwarfism were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were performed on a 1- Tesla MR unit using sagittal and coronal T1 SE of pituitary gland pre and post contrast administration and coronal T2 FSE, Detailed review of all patients' records regarding patient's chronological age, height and height SDS, body mass index, bone age, expected adult height, growth hormone levels and other pituitary hormones were performed. According to clinical and hormonal findings, the patient populations were classified into two groups: Group 1: 30 patients [53.6%] had isolated growth hormone deficiency [IGHD]. The mean chronological age was 10.4 +/- 2.71 years [range 3.6-14.9]. The MRI findings were as follows: 20 cases [66.7%] were normal, 4 cases [13.33%] of pituitary hypoplasia with or without neurohypophyseal ectopia, 3 cases [10%] of pituitary micro adenoma, and one case [3.33%] of each of craniopharyngioma, Rathke's cleft cyst and Langerhans histocytosis. Group II: 26 patients [46.4%] had combined pituitary hormones deficiency [CPHD]. The mean chronological age was 12.21 +/- 3.63 years [range 3.6-17]. The MRI findings were as follows: 14 cases [53.8%] of pituitary hypoplasia with or without neurohypophyseal ectopia, 4 cases of craniopharyngioma [15.4%], 4 cases [15.4%] of pituitary microadenoma, 3 cases of normal MRI [11.6%] and one case of medulloblastoma [3.8%] secondary to radiation exposure. In both groups, the MRI findings correlated with maximum growth hormone values
Conclusion: pituitary gland abnormalities of different causes are present in 58.9% of patients with pituitary dwarfism and MRI findings correlate with growth hormone levels. So MR imaging is strongly recommended for patients with complete growth hormone deficiency and combined pituitary hormone deficiency
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery [FLAIR] technique with and without contrast in early detection of meningitis in comparison with T1Wl with contrast. To detect selective cases of meningitis in which FLAlR technique can be a main diagnostic tool. twenty five patients [14 females and11 males] with suspected meningitis aged between 5 and 15 years, who were referred to Dr. Erfan and Bagedo General Hospital were included in the study. Meningitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs, as well as CSF findings. TI WI, T2 WI. FLAIR WI, Post contrast TI and FLAlR WI has been taken in different axial, coronal and sagittal sections for all patients. The results showed that meningitis was proved in 23 cases [92%] and excluded in 2 cases [8%]. Among cases of meningitis, 14/23 cases [60.9%] were diagnosed as viral meningitis, 6 cases [26.1%] were diagnosed as bacterial meningitis, 2 cases [8.7%] were diagnosed as TBM and one case [4.3%] as fungal meningitis. Median CSF white cell count was 60 cells /mm3 [range, 12 to 1380], median protein was 53mgldL [range, 30 to 369], median glucose concentration was 58 mg /dL [range, 20 to 70] and median SSF/blood glucose ratio was 0.58 [range, 0.25 to 0.64].Gram stain was positive in 50% of bacterial meningitis. Acid-fast staining was positive in 50% of TBM. CSF culture revealed the organism in all cases of bacterial and fungal meningitis. It was diagnostic in 57.14% of viral meningitis and in 50% of TBM. Latex agglutination test detected antigens in 50% of bacterial meningitis. PCR of the CSF was positive in 92.9% of viral meningitis and 50% of TBM. Blood culture was positive in 50% of bacterial meningitis. FLAIR WI [pre-contrast] and T1 LW I [post- contrast] as a diagnostic tool for meningitis showed a sensitivity of 26%] a specificity of 50%, a positive predictive value of 85.7% and a negative predictive value of 5.55%. FLAIR WI [post-contrast] showed a sensitivity of 95.65%, a specificity of 50%, a positive predictive value of 95.65% and a negative predictive value of 50%
Conclusions: We concluded that FLAIR imaging can be used in early detection of meningitis and that post-contrast FLAIR imaging shows more enhancement than the usual post-contrast T1WI. Also we could elicit the importance of FLAIR imaging in diagnosis of different cases of meningitis; it can be an early diagnostic tool for cases of TB and fungal meningitis where CSF culture is prolonged. It can be the main diagnostic tool in cases with contraindication for lumbar puncture and it can be a supportive diagnostic tool in cases where CSF results are not conclusive