ABSTRACT
Ultraviolet Radiation [UVR] represents a significant environmental and occupational hazard to human beings especially after the ozone hole. Lornoxicam is a strong non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] with few side effects. This work aimed to clarify effects of UVBR on the cornea of adult male albino rats and the possible role of lornoxicam. Thirty adult male albino rats were used. They were divided into three main groups: Control; Lornoxicam treated and UV irradiated which was further subdivided into 3 subgroups. On sacrifice, cornea was processed for histological, immunohistochemical and morphometrical studies. Cornea of UV irradiated rats revealed epithelial thinning with cellular degeneration, exfoliation and metaplasia. Bowman's membrane was focally interrupted or absent. Stoma showed irregularly arranged widely separated collagen fibers, degenerated few keratocytes with neovascularization, interstitial hemorrhage and cellular infiltration. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells showed nuclear membrane irregularities, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial degeneration and loss of rER. Immunohistochemically. epithelial cells and keratocytes showed marked expression of caspase-3 protein in their cytoplasm. Morphometrically, there was a highly significant decrease in epithelial thickness, area% of stroma and number of keratocytes. Rats left to recover without treatment showed mild improvement, while treatment of irradiated rats with lomoxicam for one week after exposure showed nearly normal histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical pictures. Lornoxicam [a cheap, available tolerable NSAID] could ameliorate UVB induced corneal changes. So it could be considered as a curative measure of the cornea against UVB
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic metabolic disease having several bone complications. Nigella sativa [NS] might have a role similar to insulin in diabetes and might be useful in treatment of diabetic osteoporosis. This work aimed to clarify changes of the compact bone of streptozotocin induced diabetic adult male rats and the possible role of nigella sativa. Forty adult male rats were used. They were divided into four groups: Control; NS treated; diabetic and diabetic with NS. On sacrifice, blood samples were drawn to determine serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP] level. Both femora of each animal were processed for radiological, histological, immunohistochemical and morphometrical studies. Diabetic rats showed highly significant decrease in body weight and serum ALP level. Radiologically, femora of diabetic rats showed decreased bone density, bone softening and cortical thinning. Histologically, there was degeneration of osteoblasts and osteocytes, multiple osteoporotic cavities, decreased collagen fibers and irregularity of bone surfaces. Morphometrically, there was a highly significant decrease in osteoblast number. Immunohistchemically, there was a negative expression of osteopontin protein in bone matrix. Treatment of diabetic rats with NS resulted in improvement of body weight, biochemical, radiographical, histological, morphometricai and immunohistochemical pictures. Diabetes could lead to osteoporosis which might increase incidence of bone fractures. NS which is a cheap, available natural plant could ameliorate diabetic changes of bone. So it could be considered as a curative measure of diabetic osteoporosis
ABSTRACT
Heat stress causes serious physiological dysfunction that may result in heat related diseases. The cardiovascular system has been considered the primary target of heart stress. The mechanism of heat stress- induced myocardial damage remains unclear. Recent findings indicate that mast cells are not only necessary for allergic reaction, but they also involved in a variety of neuro inflammatory diseases especially those worsened by stress. This work was aimed to study the effect of heat stress on the myocardium of rats and to clarify the possible role of mast cells in this process. This study was performed on 30 adult male albino rats, divided into three equal main groups [10 rats/ each]; the first main group was control, divided into two equal subgroups [5 rats/ each], the first subgroup [A] was negative control, the second subgroup [B] received 1 ml sterile saline I.P daily for 15 days. The second main group was heat-stressed group which was exposed to heat stress [39°C for 2 hours daily] and the third main group was mast cell stabilized group that received 10 mg/kg/b.w of doxantrazole followed by exposure to heat stress [the same as the second main group], half an hour after drug intake. All rats were sacrificed after 15 days and heart sections were processed. Paraffin sections were stained with H and E, masson trichrom [M.T] and toluidine blue for histological study. Other sections were processed for immuno histochemical demonstration of actin and caspase- 3. Other very small pieces of heart sections were processed for electron microscopic study [E.M]. The cardiac muscle of stressed second group revealed focal areas of necrosis, areas of vaculations with loss of characteristic striations and mononuclear cell infiltration. Congestion and extravasation of blood with odema fluid between cardiac muscle fibers were evident. Excessive collagen fibers deposition was also seen. Decreased reaction for actin and strong+ve reaction for caspase-3 in the affected fibers were demonstrated. Moreover hyperplasia and activation with degranulation of mast cells were documented in C.T endomesium. On ultrastructural level, the same group showed disorganized and fragmented microfilaments and mitochondrial changes. Moreover, degranulated mast cells were documented in the C.T endomesium. On the other hand, non of these changes were observed in cardiac muscles of mast cell stabilized group with the exception of slight congestion and minimal fibrosis in the interstitium and perivascular areas at light microscopic level. It is concluded that heat stress induced histological and ultra structural changes in myocardium and these changes could be mast cell mediated. Such study provided further support for the role of mast cells in stress induced myocardial damage and therefore it might provide a novel medical strategy and therapeutic target in management of heat stress induced cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, stress exposure should be avoided or minimized as much as possible to seek for good health
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Histology , Immunohistochemistry , Mast Cells , Rats , Thioxanthenes , XanthonesABSTRACT
Forty adult male albino rats were used in this experiment. They were divided into four groups, first group, [sham-operated untreated rats], second group, [sham-operated rats treated with sildenafil], third group, [nephrectomy untreated group] and fourth group, [nephrectomy treated with sildenafil]. At sacrifice blood samples were drawn for biochemical study and kidney slices were processed for histological and histochemical study. The rats of nephrectomy group treated with sildenafil had a significant lower blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels and remained significantly below the levels found in the untreated group. Histological examination of kidney sections of rats with nephrectomy revealed pronounced tubular degeneration involving the tubular cells with areas of interstitial haemorrhages and cellular infiltration. Many glomeruli were hyperplastic with narrowing of their capsular spaces. Ultrastructurally, tile minor processes of podocytes appeared enlarged, and fused around a thick glomerular basement membrane. The filtration slits were markedly reduced in number. The cells of proximal convoluted tubules showed absence of basal infoldings and thickening of their basement membrane. The nuclei appeared with irregular outline and cytoplasm contained many vacuoles. Mitochondria showed variable and progressive degrees of degeneration. The abnormalities of this group were focal Marked fibrosis was observed around Bowman's capsule, around the glomerular tuft of capillaries and between the tubules. Succinic dehyrogenase reaction was markedly reduced while that of acid phosphatase was markedly increased. Nephrectomised animals treated with sildenafil showed an obvious amelioration in the tubulointerstitial damage and succinic dehyrogenase, acid phosphatase and slight decrease in fibrosis. These observations suggest that currently available phospbodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil had a beneficial value in the treatment of chronic renal disease
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Nephrectomy , Rats , Models, Animal , Kidney/pathology , Histology , Kidney Function TestsABSTRACT
The search for safe, effective and reversible contraceptive methods for men is an important goal to increase the available choices for couples to regulate their family size.This work was planned to study the histological and histochemical changes in rat testis after administration of cyproterone acetate [C A]; which is potent synthetic antiandrogen. The reversibility of these changes after arrest of the drug had also been studied. Thirty five adult male albino rats were utilized in this study. They were divided into control [14 rats] and treated [21 rats] groups. The control group was administered 1 ml distilled water orally daily. The treated group was subdivided into two subgroups; the 1[st] subgroup [9 rats] was administered CA at a dose of 1 mg /100 gm body, weight/day orally for one month. Three rats were sacrificed after that period and the others [6 rats] were further subdivided into 2 groups and left without treatment for one and two months. The 2[nd] subgroup [12 rats] was administered the same dose of the drug for two months. Three rats were sacrificed after that period and the others [9 rats] were further subdivided into 3 groups and left without treatment for one, two and three months. At the end of the estimated periods, testicular specimens were processed for histological and histochemical studies. Results revealed that CA produced degenerative changes in the testes in the form of disorganization, exfoliation of the spermatogenic cells and tubular shrinkage together with hyperplasia of the interstitial cells and congestion of the vasculature. An increase in PAS +ve reaction and decrease in methyl green-pyronin reaction were observed. These changes were time dependant and reversible 3 months after arrest of the treatment. It is concluded that CA could be used as reversible male contraceptive drug for short period of time. However, studying its effect on male fertility for long period of time in combination with androgen ester together with frequent assessment of serum testosterone is recommended