ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evoke law enforcement agencies for batter legislative measures against increasing trend of battering of wives in Pakistan
Study Design: Cross Sectional / Analytic Study
Place and Duration of Study: This Study was conducted at the Emergencies and OPDs Departments Islam Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, District Headquarter Hospital, Gujranwala, Rehmat Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Ameer ud din Memorial Hospital, Peshawar and Shahina Jamil Hospital, Abbottabad from 1[st]January 2012 to 31[st]May 2013
Materials and Methods: Total 169 cases of battered wives were reported but 100 cases of battered wives out of 169 who consented were selected in the study. A proforma was specially designed to include different influential criteria like age, socio economic group, combined or joined family system, education, mental or physical health and addiction
Results: Out of 100 cases who were selected the maximum incidence was among the young age group ranging between 21 to 30 years 56% in low socio economic group, 83% in suppose of addicted partners, 63% in illiterate couples, 67% in joined family system. Poor physical and mental health of wife is another precipitation factor amounting to 83%
Conclusion: The tendency of battered wife is a global problem. It is increasing day by day in developed / under developed countries and nations. This trend is even going to be increased in Muslim countries where battering to the wife is prohibited [Haraam]. Increasing tendency in Pakistan is mainly due to illiteracy addiction, financial stresses and low standards of living which in turn are the basis of poor physical and psychological health
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease and has been identified as the leading risk factor for mortality. The reduction of blood pressure lower than 130/85 mmHg provides additional benefits regarding both protection of organs and cardiovascular mortality. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to block the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the plasma as well as in the vascular wall. The objective of this double-blind, comparative study evaluating the biochemical effects of optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg tablet as monotherapy in adult patient with essential hypertension. Double-blind, comparative study. This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from January 2011 to August 2011. This was multicenter randomized, double-blind, comparative study. Patients were randomized to receive Ramipril [1.25 mg] once daily for 8 weeks and at the end of study biochemical evaluation was done. In the patients treated with optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg tablets showed antihypertensive property. No significant variations of blood glucose and different parameters of lipid profile were observed during the eight weeks of treatment. We can suggest that the high antihypertensive efficacy, good tolerability and no biochemical effects of the optimized Ramipril 1.25 mg [F-4] it is an excellent option for the treatment of hypertension in a wide range of hypertensive patients, with a high potential to reduce cardiovascular risks