Effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Ipomoea batatas L on mineral contents level [calcium and magnesium] in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

In diabetic patients, electrolyte disorders frequently occur with the characteristic changes in minerals like calcium and magnesium etc. Several medicines are used to manage diabetes mellitus but they exert adverse effects. Plants are a valuable alternative to synthetic medicines because they are easily available, economical and have fewer side effects. Ipomoea batatas L is a well-known antidiabetic plant [sweet potato] but its effects on calcium and magnesium concentration have not studied. The prime focus of this study is to estimate the potential of Ipomoea batatas L peel-off on magnesium and calcium level in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan monohydrate was mixed in 0.9% NaCl solution and administrated [150 mg/kg [S/C]] to male Wistar rats to induce diabetes. After three days blood samples were collected and blood glucose level was recorded. Wistar rats having a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl and above were selected for the study. Methanol and water extract of Ipomoea batatas L peel–off was given orally with a dose rate of 4g/day. Calcium and magnesium estimation was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Our results revealed an increase in both the calcium and magnesium level in heart, brain, liver, hind limb, and forelimb after Ipomoea batatas extract treatment. In kidneys decreased calcium level was noted as they excrete calcium. Mineral [Calcium, magnesium] level was increased in all organs except kidney after both extracts treatment. Ipomoea batatas being anti-diabetic in nature also maintain the homeostasis of calcium and magnesium in diabetes. Therefore, we propose the long-term use of such agents might help in the prevention of diabetes-associated complications. However, the validation of these results to human population needs further extensive study

Media communication and its impact on attitudes of society

Present article is an endeavor to highlight the role of effective communication which helps to shape mass public views of the major issues facing by the society. Media has significance in creating motivation and forming opinions of Mass and thus is a reliable source for societal change with a positive agenda. Communication always works in a system, and this system has to run effectively with all its components present, in order to avoid noise. The noise if internal may create psychological interference. To avoid this psychological interference one has to make it sure to transmit and receive messages effectively. An effective message by a person with set attitude and opinion may affect the receiver, in order to shape his /her attitude/opinion and personality, thus to shape the attitude and opinion of the mass as the result. This is not only limited to the attitude of the masses but also to make the attitude of society. The major functions of mass communication are thus surveillance of the environment, correlation of parts of society in responding the various situations, transmission of the social heritage and entertainment

Ethical consideration for communicators

Present article is an endeavor to highlight the importance of ethical standards in the profession, with special reference to the communication technology. The ethical and moral conduct of a person is highly dependent about person's attitude toward rules and their possible interaction with the society. Healthy interaction and appropriate empathy help enhancing the consideration of moral and ethical values as well as compliance to any code of conduct. Article also highlighted the high ethical standards for those who are responsible as the communicator, and the need to develop and follow such standards for the vital survival of system and society

Psychology and sociology of audience

Mass media is the essential that facilitate the revision of definition of modern world. The personality of individuals and groups by means of culture and society has greatly been influenced by the exposure to mass media. The effects of mass media on the thinking and attitudes of the audience is rather complex phenomenon. However, the understanding of the psychology of audience and the mechanisms of change in attitude and behaviors need more basic applications of few principles. Media should be the most powerful appliance against the social ills. The present article is an endeavor to highlight few of most important issues related to the facilitation in the psychological principles of change through mass media. The growing sense of social responsibilities might be facilitated by targeting the behaviors, pronounced ideals and belief sets even in an illiterate member of the society. The importance of mass media, elements of communication and ways of designing powerful messages are discussed in this article