ABSTRACT
The waiting time between children births are called tempo. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in the child and mother health. The purpose of the present study is determination of factors which influence this variable of interest. A significance level of 5% and power of 80% considered to calculate the required sample size for this cross sectional study. The sample size of 124 women determined using PASS software [ver. 11.0.4]. These women randomly selected of married women between 15-45 years old with at least two children, living in Irin village. We consider the waiting time between the first and the second birth in women randomly sampled from Irin village of Tehran province of Iran. The selected mothers had 364 children at the time of study. The average and standard error for the number of children were 2.940 and 1.102 respectively. 59% of the children were girl and the rest were boy. Tempo variable as an index estimated using Toki method. The lowest tempo is for 5th to 6th births [28.5] and highest is for 6th to 7th [60]. Cox regression model was used to determine the significant explanatory factors. Birth of child was considered as an event and time between the first and the second event was considered as outcome in this model. According to the fitted Cox regression model, only maternal education and father's occupation were statistically significant at 5% on time to second birth
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the association between parental behavior and the dietary intake of Tehranian preschool children aged 2-6 years. In a cross-sectional study conducted on 310 children aged 2-6 years from the kindergartens of 22 districts of Tehran, a qualitative validated 85-item food frequency questionnaire was completed by interviewing with their parents. Also the effect of parental behavior on the children's dietary intake was assessed using a validated comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire [CFPQ]. 47 and 53% of children were girls and boys, respectively. Among the parental behavior patterns, encouraging children to eat healthy foods, using food rewards, teaching and talking with children about the value of foods, encouraging the children to participate in food purchasing and preparation, making available the healthy foods, parental controlling behavior, child's control, restricted behaviors because of having weight loss diet, and role modeling were significantly associated with the dietary intake of food groups [P<0.05]. Any effort to promote children's dietary intake needs considering the role of parents in the development of feeding patterns, and interest in children to consume healthy foods