ABSTRACT
Abstract Halitosis affects all populations worldwide. The presence of chronic halitosis may be related to a health problem. Patients with bad breath usually seek a gastroenterologist and, in some cases, invasive and expensive exams, such as digestive endoscopy, are performed to investigate the etiology of halitosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of bad breath in patients diagnosed with dyspepsia (any pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen) is higher than or equivalent to that in non-dyspeptic patients. This is a cross-sectional study that included 312 patients from university hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro (141 dyspeptic patients and 171 non-dyspeptic ones). The presence of halitosis was defined based on different cutoff points. Association analyses were performed using a log-binomial model and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the coefficients, adjusting for sex and age. The equivalence test (Westlake) was used to test the hypothesis of equivalence between the proportions of patients with bad breath in the two groups (dyspeptic vs. non-dyspeptic), considering an equivalence band of ± 15%. The prevalence of bad breath ranged from 30% to 64% according to the definition of bad breath. Dyspepsia was not associated with bad breath in any of the three definitions of bad breath (two specific ones and a sensitive one). The proportion of patients with marked bad breath was equivalent in patients with and without dyspepsia.
ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of two methods for detecting halitosis, the organoleptic assessment by a trained professional (OA) with volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measurement via Halimeter® (Interscan Corporation) and information obtained from a close person (ICP). Methodolody Participants were patients and companions who visited a university hospital over one year period to perform digestive endoscopy. A total of 138 participants were included in the VSC test, whose 115 were also included in the ICP test. ROC curves were constructed to establish the best VSC cut-off points. Results The prevalence of halitosis was 12% (95%CI: 7% to 18%) and 9% (95%CI 3% to 14%) for the OA and ICP, respectively. At the cut-off point >80 parts per billion (ppb) VSC, the prevalence of halitosis was 18% (95%CI: 12% to 25%). At the cut-off point >65 ppb VSC, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 76%, respectively. At the cut-off point >140 ppb, sensitivity was 47% and specificity 96%. For the ICP, sensitivity was 14% and specificity 92%. Conclusions VSC presents high sensitivity at the cut-off point of >65 ppb and high specificity at the cut-off point of >140 ppb. ICP had high specificity, but low sensitivity. The OA can express either occasional or chronic bad breath, whereas the ICP can be a potential instrument to detect chronic halitosis.
ABSTRACT
Considerando ser elevado o número de doadores assintomáticos portadores do anticorpo contra vírus C, sem história de transfusão de sangue ou uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis, foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, visando avaliar fatores de risco na transmisão da Hepatite C, em doadores de sangue, do sexo masculino no Instituto de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (IEH-RJ), não transfundidos e não usuários de drogas injetáveis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Donors , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O diagnóstico da LMCE é fundamentalmente endoscópico, devido à inespecificidade da história e do quadro clínico que a acompanham. Entre os 61 casos por nós estudados, apenas 40 (65%) resultaram, com certeza, em hemorragia digestiva. Quinze outros foram observados casualmente em endoscopias eletivas (nove) ou de urgência (seis), quando coexistiam com outra lesäo responsável pelo sangramento. Há ainda seis outros casos também diagnosticados em endoscopia de urgência, nos quais näo se chegou à conclusäo da fonte da HDAA. A evoluçäo da LMCE tende a ser benigna, mesmo quando acompanhada de sangramento digestivo, nos pacientes previamente hígidos, porém a mortalidade foi elevada (14,3%) naqueles com outras patologias associadas
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Mallory-Weiss Syndrome/diagnosis , EndoscopyABSTRACT
A cavidade peritoneal normalmente contém apenas alguns mililitros de líquido, porém numerosas patologias podem desencadear o acúmulo de grandes derrames, que constituem problema de difícil tratamento clínico. Neste trabalho säo abordadas as teorias que tentam explicar o desenvolvimento da ascite na cirrose hepática, na carcinomatose peritoneal e na insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento por hemodiálise. Säo apresentados os fatores como retençäo de sódio, hipertensäo portal, hipoalbuminemia, bloqueio da drenagem pelos capilares linfáticos, inflamaçäo da membrana peritoneal e outros. Säo ainda discutidas as conseqüências do desequilíbrio hemodinâmico devido à ascite sobre a funçäo renal
Subject(s)
Humans , Ascites/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Os autores analisam os resultados de 248 endoscopias do trato digestivo superior (esofago, estomago e duodeno) em pacientes portadores de lesoe ulceradas gastricas.Estudando as caracteristicas dos 202 casos de ulcera peptica gastrica e dos 46 casos de canceres gastricos, tipo Borrmann II ou III, concluem que as lesoes pepticas sao mais frequentes que as neoplasicas ulceradas; que as lesoes pepticas acometem os homens em idades mais precoces que as mulheres; que a ulcera peptica acomete ambos os sexos em idade menor que as neoplasias ulceradas e, finalmente, que houve um erro total de 11,7% (29 casos) na interpretacao dos achados macroscopicos das lesoes a endoscopia; 20 casos de ulcera peptica gastrica foram diagnosticados como malignos e 9 casos de lesao noplasica foram interpretados como correspondentes a doenca peptica