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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 46: e20210452, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551088

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures adopted worldwide raised questions about the possible health effects of human social isolation. Methods We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases using terms related to human social isolation - defined as the isolation of an individual from regular routines and usual social contact - and psychological stress, searching for simulated or naturalistic isolation environments. We present the main results, as well as the validity and limitations of each model. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42021241880. Results Despite the diversity of contexts reviewed, some outcomes almost ubiquitously relate to psychological stress, i.e., longer periods, expectation of a longer period, confinement, lack of social interaction, and support. Based on the results, and considering that most studies were not designed for the purpose of understanding isolation itself, we propose a group of recommendations for future experimental or naturalistic research on the topic. Conclusion Evidence on the impact of different situations in which individuals are subjected to social isolation can assist in development of directed preventive strategies to support people under similar circumstances. Such strategies might increase the general public's compliance with social distancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for emerging infectious diseases.

2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437381

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the ideal access for hemodialysis is represented by arteriovenous fistulas both as initial access and in use and are determinants of health care parameters for chronic renal patients.Objective: to evaluate vascular access for hemodialysis.Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 2513 individuals on hemodialysis in Ceará. Data were collected on age, sex, time of treatment, underlying disease, initial access and access in use. The data were divided into two groups, the interior of the state and the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará, and compared using the Student's Test (p<0.05).Results: the most common age group was between 19 and 64 years (73%). Men prevailed in both regions, 713 (63%) in the countryside and 792 (57%) in the metropolitan area. The most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease was Hypertension 306 (27%), followed by Disease of undetermined cause 295 (26%) in the countryside; in the metropolitan region, Diabetes Mellitus 356 (26%) was the main cause, followed by Hypertension and Disease of undetermined cause, each with 344 (25%), p=0.001. In the countryside, 9% started treatment for fistula while in the metropolitan area 12%, p=0.011. 79% of patients in the countryside used fistulas and 81% in the metropolitan area, p=0.156.Conclusion: arteriovenous fistulas are more frequent as initial accesses in the metropolitan region than in the interior, but there is an equivalence of fistulas in use in both regions. Catheter is the main initial access route. The evaluation of vascular accesses in Ceará showed that hemodialysis services are able to maintain good parameters of care for patients with chronic kidney disease.


Introdução: o acesso ideal para hemodiálise é representado por fístulas arteriovenosas tanto como acesso inicial quanto em uso e são determinantes de parâmetros de atenção à saúde do paciente renal crônico.Objetivo: avaliar os acessos vasculares para hemodiálise.Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, com amostra de 2513 indivíduos em hemodiálise no Ceará. Foram coletados os dados da idade, sexo, tempo de tratamento, doença de base, acesso inicial e acesso em uso. Os dados foram divididos em dois grupos, interior do estado e Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, no Estado do Ceará e comparados através do Teste de Student (p<0,05). Resultados: a faixa etária mais comum era entre 19 a 64 anos (73%). Os homens prevaleciam nas duas regiões, 713(63%) no interior e 792(57%) na zona metropolitana. A causa mais comum de Doença Renal Crônica era por Hipertensão 306(27%), seguida de Doença de causa indeterminada 295(26%) no interior; já na região metropolitana, Diabetes Melittus 356(26%) era a principal causa, seguida por Hipertensão e Doença de causa indeterminada, cada uma com 344(25%), p=0,001. No interior, 9% iniciaram o tratamento por fístula enquanto na área metropolitana 12%, p=0,011. 79% dos pacientes do interior usavam fístulas e 81% na área metropolitana, p=0,156.Conclusão: as fistulas arteriovenosas são mais frequentes como acessos iniciais na região metropolitana do que no interior mas há uma equivalência de fistulas em uso nas duas regiões. Cateter é a principal via de acesso inicial. A avaliação dos acessos vasculares no Ceará demostrou que os serviços de hemodiálise conseguem manter bons parâmetros de atenção ao portador de doença renal crônica.

3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 44(2): 136-146, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374581

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes. We used a convenience sample of Portuguese-speaking participants over age 18 years. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires and mental health instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) was administered. At 14 and 28 days later, participants were invited to complete follow-up surveys, which also included questions regarding adherence to the recommendations. A total of 409 participants completed the study - mostly young adult women holding university degrees. Results: The set of recommendations contained in Volumes 2 and 3 was effective in protecting mental health, as suggested by significant associations of adherence with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (reflecting anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively). Conclusion: The recommendations developed in this study could be useful to prevent negative mental health effects in the context of the pandemic and beyond.

5.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(1): 74-84, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391313

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) impacts well-being, performance, and mental and physical health. A questionnaire for assessing occupants' perception of IEQ was developed in English. This study aimed to translate this instrument into Brazilian Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian population.Methods: The translation and adaptation process consisted of forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, back translation review, harmonization, two cognitive debriefings, and finalization.Results: The final translated version included new questions and changed the scale to a visual-analog format. The clarity assessment showed that, after cognitive debriefings, all questions displayed satisfactory scores, with the majority rated higher than 9 on a 0-10 scale.Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IEQ questionnaire is a simple tool that can be employed in biomedical and building research to investigate the association of perceived IEQ with health-related parameters, as well as in architecture, engineering, and management projects. As a next step, a psychometric validation of the instrument will be performed.


Subject(s)
Surveys and Questionnaires , Workplace/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Quality , Lighting , Air Quality Control , Noise Measurement
6.
J. Hum. Growth Dev. (Impr.) ; 30(2): 164-169, May-Aug. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1114924

ABSTRACT

Social distancing was planned as a preventive measure to control the extensive spread of COVID-19. COVID-19-related deaths in Brazil were analyzed during the period of social distancing measures. Mortality data for COVID-19 was obtained from the Worldometer website (www.worldometer.info). Deaths were estimated up to the 31st day after the occurrence of the 5th COVID-19-related death in Brazil. Social distance was measured using Google's community mobility reports (https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/). The Brazilian epidemic curves were interconnected, and mathematical models were evaluated to fit the mortality estimation curves. The optimistic model was defined in the opening period of social distancing and, therefore, in the lower mobility (40-60%). The realistic model was calculated according to relaxed social distance measures (<40%) and the pessimistic model was calculated based on the transmission rate between 2-3. Thus, the equations of the mathematical models provided the outcomes for the date of June 9, 2020, as follows: realistic model with 40,623 deaths, pessimistic model with 64,310 deaths and the optimistic model with a projection of 31,384 deaths. As a result of these analyzes, on May 24, 2020, there were a total of 22,965 deaths related to COVID-19, and those deaths included within the proposed mathematical models were 17,452 for the optimistic model, 22,623 for the realistic model and 32,825 for the pessimistic model. Thus, it is concluded that social distancing measures promoted by the Brazilian public managers contributes to the reduction in approximately ten thousand deaths related to COVID-19 in the current pandemic scenario.


INTRODUÇÃO: O distanciamento social foi planejado como uma medida preventiva para controlar a disseminação extensiva da COVID-19. Nós analisamos as mortes relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil durante o período de medidas de distanciamento social. Os dados de mortalidade do COVID-19 foram obtidos no site da Worldometer (www.worldometer.info). As mortes foram estimadas até o 31º dia após a 5ª morte. O distanciamento social foi medido por meio dos relatórios de mobilidade comunitária COVID-19; Google (https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/). As curvas epidêmicas brasileiras foram interligadas e os modelos matemáticos foram avaliados para se ajustarem às curvas de estimativa de mortalidade. O modelo otimista foi fundado no período de abertura da distância social e, portanto, na menor mobilidade (40-60%). O modelo realista foi calculado de acordo com medidas de distanciamento social relaxado (<40%) e o modelo pessimista foi calculado com base em R0 entre 2-3. Sob essa situação, o modelo matemático realista estimou 40.623 mortes em 9 de junho de 2020, enquanto o modelo pessimista antecipou 64.310 mortes e o modelo otimista projetou 31.384. Até hoje (24 de maio de 2020), um total de 22.965 foram relatadas, enquanto nosso modelo projetou 17.452 para o modelo otimista, 22.623 para o modelo realista e 32.825 para o modelo pessimista. Observamos movimento reduzido ao longo deste período. Em resumo, o modelo matemático sugere que a mobilidade reduzida da comunidade diminuiu o total estimado de mortes relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil. Enfatizamos que mais procedimentos metodológicos serão necessários para confirmar esta teoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Isolation , Coronavirus Infections , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Death , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Betacoronavirus
7.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 30(1): 129-134, 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1101247

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of biological medication in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) proposes better therapeutic results with decreased pain and inflammation and consequent reduction in joint damage. The autonomic state can be a predictor for verifying the response to immunomodulation therapy. Thus, measuring heart rate variability can express autonomous behavior and possibly accompany the response to therapy through the expression of the inflammatory conditionObjectiveAnalysis of heart rate variability in a child with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis using the anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor.METHODS: This is a clinical case report of an 8-year-old male with a diagnosis of JIA - oligoarticular form, using etanercept, admitted to Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia UNINORTE, Acre, Brazil in 2017. We analyzed laboratory and imaging tests, kinetic-functional evaluation, examination of cardiac autonomic modulation and physiotherapeutic treatment for analgesic, anti-inflammatory purposes, gaining flexibility, strength and postural re-education, according to CARE guidelines, case report guidelinesRESULTS: After medication administration, there was a decrease in pain and normalization of serum creatinine (0.50 mg / dL) and CRP (less than 6 mg / dL) and an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (17 mm3). In the examination of heart rate variability, the linear indices in the time domain showed a predominance of parasympathetic activity (RMSSD: 35ms), with decreased sympathetic control measured through the frequency domain (LF: 27.1 un). However, non-linear methods showed low variability with little dispersion of RR intervalsCONCLUSION: In the present report, the linear indices showed parasympathetic predominance and in the non-linear analysis a low heart rate variability with abnormal and insufficient adaptation of the autonomic nervous system in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis using biological medication


INTRODUÇÃO: A introdução de medicamentos biológicos na Artrite Idiopática Juvenil (AIJ) propõe melhores resultados terapêuticos com diminuição da dor e inflamação e consequente redução no dano articular. O estado autonômico pode ser um preditor para verificar a resposta à terapia de imunomodulação. Assim, medir a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca pode expressar um comportamento autônomo e possivelmente acompanhar a resposta à terapia através da expressão da condição inflamatóriaOBJETIVO: Análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em uma criança com artrite idiopática juvenil utilizando o Fator de Necrose TumoralMÉTODO: Este é um relato de caso clínico de um homem de 8 anos com diagnóstico de AIJ - forma oligoarticular, usando etanercept, admitido na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia UNINORTE, Acre, Brasil em 2017. Analisamos testes laboratoriais e de imagem, cinéticos - avaliação funcional, exame da modulação autonômica cardíaca e tratamento fisioterapêutico para fins analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios, ganhando flexibilidade, força e reeducação postural, de acordo com as diretrizes da CARE, diretrizes de relato de casoRESULTADOS: Após a administração da medicação, houve diminuição da dor e normalização da creatinina sérica (0,50 mg/dL) e PCR (menos de 6 mg/dL) e aumento da taxa de sedimentação de eritrócitos (17 mm3). No exame da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, os índices lineares no domínio do tempo mostraram predominância da atividade parassimpática (RMSSD: 35ms), com diminuição do controle simpático medido pelo domínio da frequência (LF: 27,1 un). Entretanto, métodos não lineares apresentaram baixa variabilidade com pouca dispersão dos intervalos RRCONCLUSÃO: No presente relatório, os índices lineares mostraram predominância parassimpática e, na análise não linear, baixa variabilidade da frequência cardíaca com adaptação anormal e insuficiente do sistema nervoso autônomo em criança com artrite idiopática juvenil em uso de medicação biológica

8.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 28(3): 316-328, Jan.-Mar. 2018. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013507

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The lifestyle of quilombola communities has changed due to extra community influence, thus affecting their environmental and behavioral factors related to the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). However, little is known about the influence of MS on the Quality of Life (QoL) of quilombola residents. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the association between MS and QoL in quilombola communities in northern Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: The QoL of 147 adults from five quilombola communities from Tocantins was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Blood pressure, abdominal perimeter, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were measured, and the presence of MS was defined as the alteration of at least three of these clinical aspects. The association of the clinical components and the SM presence with the Quality of Life was evaluated by Student's t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: We observed that in the total population, an altered abdominal perimeter had an inverse association with both the Physical (15.2 vs. 14.0, p=0.002) and General QoL domains (14.4 vs. 14.0, p=0.045), and MS was inversely associated with the Physical domain (14.9 vs. 14.0, p=0.030). When stratified by sex, the altered abdominal perimeters in men were inversely associated with the Physical (16.5 vs. 14.4, p<0.001), Environmental (14.0 vs. 12.6, p=0.020) and General domains (15.5 vs. 14.0, p<0.001). MS had an inverse association with the Physical (15.8 vs. 14.4, p=0.026) and General domains (14.8 vs. 14.0 p= 0.042) in men. In women there was no association between any risk factor studied and QoL domain. CONCLUSIONS: The status of MS was negatively associated with the quality of life of the male population, highlighting the abdominal perimeter, which influences the Physical and General domains of QoL, but in the female population the MS does not interfere in the perception of QoL. Understanding the relationship between chronic diseases and QoL in quilombola communities is necessary to reduce health inequalities in historically vulnerable communities.


INTRODUÇÃO: O estilo de vida das comunidades quilombolas vem sofrendo algumas modificações devido influência extra comunidade, afetando assim, os fatores ambientais e comportamentais relacionados com a Síndrome Metabólica (SM). No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da SM sobre a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de moradores de quilombos. OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação entre SM e QV em comunidades quilombolas do norte do Tocantins. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 147 adultos de cinco comunidades quilombolas localizadas no estado de Tocantins. Para mensurar a qualidade de vida, utilizou-se WHOQOL-bref. Pressão arterial, perímetro abdominal, glicemia em jejum, triglicerídeos e HDL-colesterol foram mensurados em exames clínicos. A presença da SM foi definida como a alteração de ao menos três desses aspectos clínicos. A associação dos componentes clínicos e a presença SM com a QV foi avaliada por meio do teste t de Student para amostras independentes, para a população total e estratificada por sexo. RESULTADOS: Dentre os fatores de risco, observa-se que o perímetro abdominal alterado apresenta associação inversa com os domínios Físico (15,2 vs. 14,0; p = 0,002) e QV Geral (14,4 vs. 14,0; p = 0,045), e a SM com o domínio Físico (14,9 vs. 14,0; p = 0,030) na população total. Ao estratificar por sexo, o perímetro abdominal alterado nos homens apresenta associação inversa com os domínios Físico (16,5 vs. 14,4; p < 0,001), Ambiental (14,0 vs. 12,6; p = 0,020) e QV Geral (15,5 vs. 14,0; p < 0,001). A SM apresenta associação inversa com os domínios Físico (15,8 vs. 14,4; p=0,026) e QV Geral (14,8 vs. 14,0; 0,042) nos homens. E nas mulheres não há associação entre os fatores de risco estudados e domínios de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: O status de SM apresentou-se negativamente associado a qualidade de vida do homem, destacando o perímetro abdominal, que influencia os domínios Físico e Geral da QV, porém, na população feminina a SM não interfere na percepção da QV. Entender a relação entre doenças crônicas e QV em comunidades quilombolas é necessário para reduzir inequidades em saúde de comunidades historicamente vulneráveis.

9.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(6): 295-299, nov.-dez. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899095

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar a população de diabéticos referenciados à consulta de Oftalmologia do Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP) através do programa de rastreio da ARS Norte, avaliar este tipo de método de rastreio e perceber o impacto do mesmo na dinâmica de um Serviço de Oftalmologia. Métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva dos processos clínicos dos utentes diabéticos referenciados à consulta de Rastreio de Retinopatia Diabética (RD) do CHP através do programa de rastreio da ARS Norte, entre Janeiro de 2012 e Dezembro de 2016. As variáveis analisadas foram: dados demográficos, duração e tipo de Diabetes Mellitus (DM), seguimento prévio em consulta de oftalmologia, tipo de retinopatia diabética e orientação subsequente. Resultados: Dos 613 doentes diabéticos observados nesta consulta 2.6% tinham DM tipo 1 e 97.4% tinham DM tipo 2, com duração média da doença de 15.8 anos e 6.6% não apresentava lesões de RD em qualquer um dos olhos; lesões de RD não proliferativa estavam presentes em 90.7% dos doentes, sendo bilaterais em 83.7% dos casos e 2.7% apresentava lesões de RD proliferativa em ambos os olhos. No momento da consulta, 31.9% apresentava maculopatia, em pelo menos um dos olhos. 51,1% dos doentes tinha no momento da consulta indicação para tratamento; 15.2% integraram a consulta de diabetes ocular do CHP por necessidade de vigilância e 33.7% tiveram alta para reintegrarem este programa de rastreio. Conclusões: O programa de rastreio de RD apresenta-se como uma ferramenta útil e necessária no diagnóstico precoce e tratamento atempado das lesões de RD.


Abstract Purpose: To characterize the population of diabetics referred to the Ophthalmology Department of the Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP) from the screening program of ARS Norte, to evaluate this type of screening method and to perceive the its impact in the dynamic of an Ophthalmology Department. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of the clinical processes of diabetic patients referred to the CHP Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Screening Consultation from the ARS Norte screening program, between January 2012 and December 2016. The variables analyzed were demographic data, duration and type of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), previous follow-up in ophthalmology consultation, type of diabetic retinopathy and subsequent orientation. Results: Of the 613 diabetic patients observed in our Department referred from this program, 2.6% had type 1 DM and 97.4% had type 2 DM, with a mean illness duration of 15.8 years. 6.6% had no lesions of DR in any of the eyes. Non-proliferative DR lesions were present in 90.7% of the patients, being bilateral in 83.7% of the cases and 2.7% had proliferative DR lesions in both eyes. At the time of the consultation, 31.9% had maculopathy in at least 1 of the eyes. 51.1% of the patients had indication for treatment at the time of the referral. 15.2% were integrated in ocular diabetes section of CHP due to the need for surveillance and 33.7% were discharged to reintegrate this screening program. Conclusions: The DR screening program is a useful and necessary tool for the early diagnosis and early treatment of DR lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Portugal , Photography/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Retrospective Studies , Retinoscopy , Diabetes Mellitus
10.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 23(supl.2): 20-26, jan.-jun. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704953

ABSTRACT

A colestase neonatal manifesta-se clinicamente com icterícia, colúria, hipocolia ou acolia fecal. Reveste-se de grande importância, uma vez que requer propedêutica urgente e precisa, com o propósito de definir o diagnóstico e tratamento. Diante de todo recém-nascido cuja icterícia persista além dos 14 dias de vida, impõe-se a dosagem das bilirrubinas (total e fração) e a observação da coloração das fezes e urina. Uma vez confirmada a colestase, é necessário o encaminhamento urgente para umcentro de referência. Para investigação da causa da colestase, o uso de protocolo sistemático é útil para agilizar o diagnóstico. Atresia biliar, uma das principais causas de icterícia colestática, necessita de correção cirúrgica antes dos 60 dias de vida. Tal procedimento mostra-se bem-sucedido em 70 a 80% dos pacientes operados antes dessa idade. O encaminhamento tardio dos pacientes com suspeita de AB constitui um dos principais fatores para o fracasso da correção cirúrgica. Por isso, a divulgação da importância da análise da cor das fezes e da dosagem de bilirrubinas, a partir de campanhas como alerta amarelo, é necessária e deve atingir não apenas os pais, mas também os profissionais da saúde...


Neonatal cholestasis manifests clinically with jaundice, dark urine, fecal acholia or hipocholia. It is of great importance, since it requires urgent and precise propaedeutics to define diagnosis and treatment. Before every newborn whose jaundice persists beyond 14 days of life, it is necessary the dosage of bilirubin (total and fraction) and the color observation of feces and urine. Once confirmed cholestasis, it is required urgent transfer to a referral center. To investigate the cause of cholestasis, the use of systematic protocol is useful to accelerate the diagnosis. Biliary Atresia (BA), a major cause of cholestatic jaundice, requires surgical correction before 60 days of life. This procedure is successful in 70-80% of patients operated before this age.The late referral of patients with suspected BA is one of the main factors for the failure of surgical correction. Therefore,disclosure of the importance of analyzing the color of feces and the determination of bilirubin through campaigns such as yellow alert is required and must reach not only parents, but also health professionals...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Biliary Atresia/diagnosis , Cholestasis/diagnosis , Bilirubin , Diagnosis, Differential
11.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 33(117)jan.-jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-553890

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho descreve a utilização do método de redução como estratégia de trabalho desenvolvida pelos coletores de lixo (garis) de uma grande cidade e seus reflexos na organização e na carga de trabalho. O método de redução consiste de atividade preparatória à coleta de lixo por meio da formação de estoques intermediários antes do carregamento nos caminhões. O trabalho dos garis foi estudado utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET),complementada por avaliações de esforço físico. Quanto à organização do trabalho, verificou-se que, ao utilizarem esta estratégia, os garis trabalham em ritmo mais cadenciado, conseguem executar melhor as tarefas de separação do lixo, como os sacos plásticos contendo vidros, podem interagir entre eles e estabelecer relações amistosas com os cidadãos sobre melhores práticas de acondicionamento do lixo. Em relação à segurança e à saúde, ao utilizarem este método, os garis ficam menos sujeitos a riscos de cortes, atropelamentos, quedas e desavenças com motoristas no trânsito, além de realizarem o trabalho com menos esforço físico. Concluiu-se que a utilização da redução não apenas diminui o esforço físico e a exposição a riscos de acidentes, mas também melhora a qualidade da coleta de lixo domiciliar.


This article discusses the reduction process as a working strategy implemented by the garbage collectors of a big city and its influence on workload and work organization. The so called reduction process consists in preparing garbage bags to be collected piling up intermediate stocks before they are loaded on trucks. Garbage collectors activitiy was studied through Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), supplemented by physiological and biomechanical workload measuring.As far as work organization is concerned, it was observed that when garbage collectors adopt this strategy they improve their work rhythm; they have more possibilities to separate garbage, such as plastic bags containing glass pieces from the rest; they manage to interact more with co-workers and communicate better with local residents on better ways of garbage packing. As regard to health and safety, when garbage collectors follow this process they are less liable to getting cut, to being run over, to falling down or to having quarrels with drivers, and theirtasks are performed with less biomechanical load. The authors concluded that the reduction strategy not only decreases biomechanical load and exposure to risks, but also improves residential garbage collection.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , /methods , Ergonomics/methods , Garbage , Urban Cleaning , Occupational Groups , Working Conditions , Workload
12.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 29(4): 421-422, out.-dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476788

ABSTRACT

In spite of the development of pharmacological strategies, technology and more sophisticated surgical alternatives, incidences of death from cardiopathies remains high throughout the world, in particular in relation to dilated heart disease. Many of these patients benefit from recent strategies of early myocardial perfusion which significantly reduces mortality rates; even so past-infarction heart failure is common. Recent studies have shown that the infusion of autologous stem cells is a possible treatment to reverse ventricular dysfunction. However, frequently there is an associated electrical conduction defect. Thus, an infusion of stem cells may produce a mechanical correction with heart resynchronization correcting the electrical conduction defect thereby improving the left ventricle ejection fraction. Our institution has been combining stem cell transplantation with resynchronization and, when necessary, cardiofibrilation, to treat these patients giving improvements in the Functional Class, ejection fraction and left ventricle and right ventricle-left ventricle synchrony.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Stem Cells , Therapeutics , Ventricular Dysfunction , Stem Cell Transplantation , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices , Heart Failure
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