ABSTRACT
Abstract Genome-wide association studies have identified several loci associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Polymorphisms within the KCNQ1 (potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1) gene are consistently associated with T2D in a number of populations. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the association of 3 polymorphisms of KCNQ1 (rs2237892, rs151290 and rs2237895) with T2D and/or CVD. Patients diagnosed with either T2D (320 patients), CVD (250 patients) or both (60 patients) and 516 healthy controls were genotyped by TaqMan assay run on a real time PCR thermocycler. A statistically significant association was found for SNPs rs151290 (OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.02-3.05; p = 0.0435) and rs2237895 (OR = 2.49; 95%CI = 1.72-3.61; p < 0.0001) with CVD. SNP rs151290 (OR = 7.43; 95%CI = 1.00-55.22; p = 0.0499) showed a strong association in patients with both T2D and CVD. None of the SNPs showed any significant association with T2D. Haploview analysis showed that the ACC (rs151290, rs2237892 and rs2237895) haplotype is the most significant risk allele combination for CVD, while CCA is the most significant risk haplotype for co-morbidity with T2D. KCNQ1 polymorphism at SNPs rs151290 and rs2237895 is strongly associated with CVD in this population, but presented no association with T2D.
ABSTRACT
India has a very rich diverse faunal and floral wealth spread across the length and breadth of country. Biodiversity hotspots like Himalayan region and Western Ghats are bestowed with innumerous number of potential medicinally important plants whose scientific research are yet to be taken up. Salacia chinensis is one among them and forms one of the known ethanobotanically used herbal drug for diabetes and aliments. A scientific study on physiological effect of Salacia chinensis can give baseline information about potency of plant drug formulae. Therefore this plant was taken up for the study of immunomodulatory effects on swiss albino rats. Rats were fed with a concentration of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg body weight of aqoues extract of Salacia chinensis for a period of 14 days. Various hematological, serological and immunological parameters were studied at the end of 14days trial and compared with control group. Total leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, blood glucose hemoglobin, hemagglutination antiboby titer against SRBC and delayed hypersensitivity reaction were found increased along the animals treated with 1mg/kg body weight of animal. On the contrary higher concentration of drug have reduced immune response compared to control group showing the negative effect of the higher concentration of drug on the immune response. The present study of Salacia chinensis evidently shows that concentration of 1mg/kg can boost the immune system and at the same time if used at higher concentration can determine the immune system.