ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever continues to be a major health problem despite the use of antibiotics and the development of newer antibacterial drugs. This study aim was to isolate fluoroquinolones resistant Salmonella spp from stool samples of informed and consenting patient attending General Hospital and Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialist Hospital in Minna Niger State Nigeria. A total 450 stool samples were collected from the Hospital. The results showed that 69 (30.4%) of the sample collected were positive for Salmonella species. On the basis of age children within the age range of 0-10 recorded the highest prevalence of 22.7% followed by age range 51-60 having the prevalence of 19.4%, age range >60 had the prevalence of 16.7% and age range 21-30 and 11-20 had a similar prevalence of (10.1% and 10.3% respectively) while age range 31-40 had the least prevalence of 7.8%. There were 69 isolates of Salmonella species Identified, 65(94.2%) were Resistant to the antibiotics used. The highest resistance was shown to Pefloxacin 62 (89.9%) and the lowest was shown to Ciprofloxacin 27 (39.1%). Salmonella species exhibited 52 antibiotic resistant patterns for the ten antibiotics tested with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ranging from 0.3-1.0. Molecular analysis was carried out on 5 representative isolates to identify their strains. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay showed the identified Salmonella strains were Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae strain ATCC 13314, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi strain 2018K-0756, Salmonella bongori strain SL18, Salmonella bongori strain GH3Rp and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae strain ATCC 13314, they all showed resistance to fluoroquinolones.
ABSTRACT
Background: Transfusion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected blood represents a major but avoidable means of HBV transmission, which unfortunately still account for millions of global HBV infections annually. Method: This study determined the prevalence of HBV infection among 550 blood donors aged 18 to 60 years from selected hospitals and blood transfusion centres within the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit and Enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA). Representative positive and negative samples for RDT and ELISA were tested by both conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay Results: Forty nine (8.9%) and 14 (2.8%) out of the 550 blood donors tested positive for HBsAg with the RDT and ELISA respectively. Replacement donors had higher prevalence rate of the HBV infection than voluntary donors. The highest prevalence of HBV infection was recorded among the 3039 year age group. The difference in the rate of infection between the males and the females was not statistically significant (p>0.05). A perfect agreement between RDT and PCR and fair agreement between ELISA and PCR were observed. Conclusion: This study report a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors in Abuja, Nigeria which underscores the need for proper screening of blood for transfusion to completely eliminate the incidence of transfusion transmitted HBV infections
Subject(s)
Blood , Hepatitis B virus , Malaria , NigeriaABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion saves life but it is also a major risk factor in the transmission of certain infections such as malaria, which remains a public health problem in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This study investigated the prevalence of malaria among 550 blood donors aged 18 to 60 years from blood bank units of some selected hospitals in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, using gold standard microscopy for malaria parasite detection. Results: Two hundred and fifty two (45.8%) donors were positive for malaria parasites. Replacement donors had higher prevalence rate of malaria compared to voluntary donors. The distribution of infection on the basis of age revealed the highest prevalence rate of malaria among the 20- 29yrs age group. The rate of infection among the males and the females was not significantly different (p>0.05). No association was observed between the blood group types and the rate of malaria infection (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was observed among blood donors in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria in this study. The introduction of malaria screening as part of routine screening for blood donation and the provision of modern blood screening equipment within healthcare facilities are highly advocated
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System , Blood Donors , Malaria , Microscopy , NigeriaABSTRACT
Bioremediation studies on the capabilities of Aspergillus niger A1, Candida sp C10 and Rhizopus stolonifer R7 isolated from unpolluted soil in Minna, Niger State Nigeria was investigated and rate of degradation measured by weight loss. Aspergillus niger A1, exhibited the highest ability in degrading the crude oil than Candida sp C10, and Rhizopus stolonifer R7. Aspergillus niger A1 degraded 53.7% of the crude oil after 16 days period of incubation while Candida sp C10 and Rhizopus stolonifer R7 degraded 45.0% and 35.0% respectively over the same period of incubation.. The result obtained demonstrated that the three fungi isolates are competent petroleum degrading organisms and may be used as best approaches to restoring oil contaminated environments through bioremediation process.