Equality analysis of main health indicators among children under 5 years in Uganda

BACKGROUND: Inequality in the access to health services is a major cause of health problemsamong children under five old. The aim of this analysis is to measure the inequality among children under-5 years in relation to main health indicators in Uganda. METHOD: Main child health indicators data in Uganda were obtained from WHO inequity data set for the years 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2011. Indicators such as under-5 years mortality rate, underweight prevalence and full vaccination converge and child with infection access to health facilities were included in th analysis. For simple indicators, inequality difference was calculated, and relative concentration index for complex order indicators was used. Four different inequality dimensions were used to work as stratifies for these indicators. RESULTS: Inequality regarding child health indicators was observed in different dimensions. It was clear that inequality among people living in rural areas were more than urban areas. Femaleshad high inequality than males. Poor and uneducated people are more likely to have inequality than rich and educated people. CONCLUSION: Great effort should be made to decrease inequality among children less than five years through access to health services for all groups in different areas

Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan: a case-control study / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge for the global control of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Sudan.METHODS: This case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2019. Patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB were selected as cases, and controls were selected from TB patients who responded to first-line anti-TB drugs. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from study participants. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between risk factors and MDR-TB infection. The best multivariate model was selected based on the likelihood ratio test.RESULTS: A total of 430 cases and 860 controls were selected for this study. A history of previous TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 54.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.48 to 98.69) was strongly associated with MDR-TB infection. We identified interruption of TB treatment (aOR, 7.62; 95% CI, 3.16 to 18.34), contact with MDR-TB patients (aOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.69 to 10.74), lower body weight (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91), and water pipe smoking (aOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 6.04) as factors associated with MDR-TB infection.CONCLUSIONS: Previous TB treatment and interruption of TB treatment were found to be the main predictors of MDR-TB. Additionally, this study found that contact with MDR-TB patients and water pipe smoking were associated with MDR-TB infection in Sudan. More efforts are required to decrease the rate of treatment interruption, to strengthen patients' adherence to treatment, and to reduce contact with MDR-TB patients.

Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan: a case-control study / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge for the global control of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Sudan. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2019. Patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB were selected as cases, and controls were selected from TB patients who responded to first-line anti-TB drugs. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from study participants. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between risk factors and MDR-TB infection. The best multivariate model was selected based on the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: A total of 430 cases and 860 controls were selected for this study. A history of previous TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 54.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.48 to 98.69) was strongly associated with MDR-TB infection. We identified interruption of TB treatment (aOR, 7.62; 95% CI, 3.16 to 18.34), contact with MDR-TB patients (aOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.69 to 10.74), lower body weight (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91), and water pipe smoking (aOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 6.04) as factors associated with MDR-TB infection. CONCLUSIONS: Previous TB treatment and interruption of TB treatment were found to be the main predictors of MDR-TB. Additionally, this study found that contact with MDR-TB patients and water pipe smoking were associated with MDR-TB infection in Sudan. More efforts are required to decrease the rate of treatment interruption, to strengthen patients’ adherence to treatment, and to reduce contact with MDR-TB patients.

Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan: a case-control study / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES@#The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge for the global control of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Sudan.@*METHODS@#This case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2019. Patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB were selected as cases, and controls were selected from TB patients who responded to first-line anti-TB drugs. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from study participants. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between risk factors and MDR-TB infection. The best multivariate model was selected based on the likelihood ratio test.@*RESULTS@#A total of 430 cases and 860 controls were selected for this study. A history of previous TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 54.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.48 to 98.69) was strongly associated with MDR-TB infection. We identified interruption of TB treatment (aOR, 7.62; 95% CI, 3.16 to 18.34), contact with MDR-TB patients (aOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.69 to 10.74), lower body weight (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91), and water pipe smoking (aOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 6.04) as factors associated with MDR-TB infection.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Previous TB treatment and interruption of TB treatment were found to be the main predictors of MDR-TB. Additionally, this study found that contact with MDR-TB patients and water pipe smoking were associated with MDR-TB infection in Sudan. More efforts are required to decrease the rate of treatment interruption, to strengthen patients' adherence to treatment, and to reduce contact with MDR-TB patients.

Biochemical assessment of E selectin and von willebrand factor as markers of atherosclerosis damage in Egyptian hypertensive patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate levels of von Willebrand Factor and E-selectin in essentional hypertensive patients, before and after successful hypertension therapy, although correlated them with other traditional atherosclerosis risk factors [lipid parameters, blood pressure values and BMI] as well as an attempt to answer the question whether Von willebrand factor and E-selectin can be useful in predicting atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients. The study was conducted on 30 essential hypertensive patients before [GI] and after [GII] hypertensive therapy, in addition to 15 healthy age and sex matched normotensive adults as a control group. All members of the study were subjected to: Throughout clinical examination, Liver function tests. Kidney function tests. Determination of body mass index, Blood pressure measurements, in addition to evaluation of levels of fasting and post prandial blood sugar, total cholesterol, HDL-chole, LDL-chole, triglycerides, E-selectin in serum and plasma vonWillebrand Factor. The results of the study showed a significant elevation in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma vonWillebrand Factor in GI [essential hypertensive patients before hypertension therapy] and GIl [essential hypertensive patients after hypertension therapy] as compared to control group. There was a significant reduction in the elevated parameters after 6 months ofantihypertension therapy. The plasma vWF level showed a positive significant correlation with body mass index [BMI] in all studied groups [GI, GII and C]. The levels of E-selectin showed a non significant in GI and GII as compared to control group. The plasma vWF, serum T.cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. and triglycerides in essential hypertensive patients were higher than those in normotensive control. Also, plasma vonWillebrand Factor had a positive significant correlation with body mass index [BMI] in all studied groups [an important atherosclerotic risk factor], So, WFcould play some role in pathogenesis ofendothelial damage in essential hypertensive patients, it can be used as a complementry test with T.cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides to detecte essential hypertensive patients at risk of atherosclerosis.

New aspect in compensation of burn wound, experimental study

In this study, 40 albino rats were subjected to burn [30% of total body surface area], affecting partial thickness of skin in order to study the internal complications of burn. The pathological and laboratory studies revealed that the liver functions were slightly affected, while the renal impairment was remarkable and may pass to chronic renal failure. So, the compensation of a case of burn must be not only for the external disfigurement but also for the internal hazards, which must be involved if they are present