ABSTRACT
Background: Aortic valve calcification in End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] patients occurs ten to twenty years earlier than general population. It is associated with myocardial, coronary arteries and conduction system calcification and it is associated with rapid development of aortic valve stenosis
Objective: To study the incidence of aortic valve calcification in hemodialysis patients and to look for risk factors associated with this calcification
Patients and Methods: Forty six patients with End Stage Renal Disease [ESRD] on regular haemodialysis in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Dialysis Unit and forty six patients with no renal disease as control group were studied between February 2005 - January 2006. Duration of dialysis, blood flow rate during dialysis, serum Calcium, serum Phosphorous and their products were included in this study. Echocardiography was done for all patients
Results: The incidence of Aortic Valve Calcification [AVC] in ESRD patients on haemodiaysis was 30% and it was higher than that of general population [p value 0.0085] . It occurs 10-15 year earlier than in patients with no renal disease. End Stage Renal Disease patients with AVC were older than those with non calcified valves. Only 7.4% of those ESRD patients with AVC have hemodynamic AV stenosis [p value 0.5]. The mean duration of haemodialysis in ESRD patients with AVC was longer than that of ESRD patients without AVC which was statistically significant. Also there was statistically significant association between blood flow rate during haemodialysis and AVC. There was statistically significant association between Calcium phosphate products and AVC in ESRD patients
Conclusion: There is ahigher incidence of aortic valve calcification in ESRD patients on haemodialysis . This calcification occurs earlier than that in patients with no renal disease .The duration of haemodialysis is a risk factors for AVC
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to obtain knowledge on the status of the plasma lipid fractions in normal subjects and in patients with ischemic heart disease [IHD]. Thirty one normal volunteers and 104 consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease were included in the study. The values in normal subjects were: Total serum cholesterol [T.Ch] 215 +/- 44 mg/ 100 ml, low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] 139 +/- 40 mg/100 ml and triglyceride [TG] 130 +/- 56 mg/100 ml. These data were significantly lower than the values in patients with IHD: T. ch 236 +/- 43 mg/ 100 ml, LDL-C 155 +/- 45 mg/ 100 ml and TG 189 +/- 86 mg/ 100 ml. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] in normal subjects was significantly higher [49 +/- 11 mg/100 ml] than patients with IHD [44 +/- 10 mg/ 100 ml]. The T.ch/HDL-C and the LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly lower in normal subjects than in patients with IHD. The values of the lipid fractions in normal subjects which included the T.Ch, LDL-C and HDL-C were similar to the values reported from Iraq, the United State of America, North and South Europe. However, the serum TG level was significantly higher in the American population
Subject(s)
Humans , LipidsABSTRACT
To study the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in patients with IHD, 68 consecutive patients with angina pectoris and / or myocardial infarction were included. The results revealed that 50% had elevated cholesterol and / or Triglycerides, with a mean of 247.9 mg% [ +/- 56.7SD] and 177.7 mg% [ +/- 85.5 SD] respectively Hypercholesterolemia was present in 38%, hypertriglyceridemia in 28%.and 16%. had both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Low HDL - C was present in 19%, high LDL - C in 22% and low HDL - C + high HDL - C in 6% of the patients. However, elevated LDL - C / HDL - C was present in 62%. In 14 asymptomatic "Normal" persons the total serum cholestrol and serum Triglycerides were 215.4 mg% [ +/- 42.4] and 127.7 mg% [ +/- 50: 7] respectively. Thirty six% appeared to have hypercholestrolemia, 7% hypertriglyceridemia and 7% had both while 29% had elevated- LDL - C / HDL - C. We conclude that our patients have higher prevalence of hyperilipidemia than what.was reported elsewhere and that the calculation of LDL - C / HDL - C is the most beneficial in showing high incidence in patients with ischemic heart disease