ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of Acute kidney injury secondary to snake bite in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital
Subject and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the department of General Medicine, Jinnah postgraduate medical center, Karachi, from 10th June 2015 to 10th Jan 2016. Patients with diagnosis of snake bite were enrolled. Detailed history, physical examination and biochemical measurements were recorded. Patients underwent serum creatinine levels for diagnosis of AKI
Results: One hundred and twelve patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study.There were 90 [83.36%] males and 22 [19.64%] females. The mean +/- standard deviation age of study population was 28+/-0.151 years. On analysis of risk factors it was observed that 33 [29.46%] patients were obese. On analysis of outcome variable, it was observed that 33 [29.46%] had AKI
Conclusion: Around 30% of patients who developed AKI were presented with history of snake bite. However, factors such as age, gender, duration and obesity were not related with the AKI
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum[clove] buds in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Randomized controlled trial. Department of Pharmacology, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and dentistry, Lahore from 1[st] July 2011 to 31[st] December 2011. The rats were divided into five groups, i.e. control group [A], ethanol positive group [B], experimental groups [C and D] and standard group [E]. Group C experimental rats received ethanol [3 g/kg body weight daily intraperitoneal injection] and ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum at 250mg/kg of body weight daily orally for a period of forty five days. Group D experimental rats received ethanol and ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum at 500 mg/kg of body weight. Group E received ethanol and silymarin [100mg/kg orally].Blood samples were taken at 45[th] day and liver in each was taken out for histopathological examination. The ethanol group rats showed variable increase in serum ALT [Alanine Transaminase], AST[Aspartate transaminase], ALP[Alkaline Phosphatase] and total bilirubin levels. In group C and group E rats the levels of these parameters become slightly decreased while in group D rats the levels decreased more towards normal. The morphological examination of experimental groups C and E rats showed slight recovery whereas the rats in experimental group D showed a significant recovery. Syzygium aromaticum constituents, especially flavonoids and polyphenols have strong anti-oxidant activity which provides hepato-protection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity. High dose of Syzygium aromaticun ethanolic extract [500 mg/kg body weight] showed better hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity than low dose Syzygium aromaticum extract and silymarin in rats