ABSTRACT
To compare the hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle and glimepiride -a sulphonylurea in a type 2 diabetes mellitus induced male mice model. Randomized control trial. This study was carried out in the animal house of National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad from 7th November 2013 till 21st January 2014. Fifty albino Balb/C male mice were divided randomly into groups I-V [n=10]. Group I served as normal control group. In rest of the forty mice from group II-V, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of high fat diet [HFD] for two weeks followed by low dose [40 mg/kg] intra-peritoneal streptozotocin [STZ] injections for four consecutive days. Group II served as the disease control group, group III received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 50 mg/kg body wt. while group IV received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 100 mg/kg body wt. Group V was administered glimepiride in a dose of 2mg/kg body wt. herb extract and the drug was given orally once a day. Samples were taken at the end of five weeks for blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%].The blood samples estimated for fasting blood glucose [FBG] and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%] levels showed that the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in a high dose [100 mg/kg body wt.] showed the maximum lowering of FBG and HbAlc% levels followed by its low dose [50 mg/kg body wt.] Glimepiride also lowered the FBG and HbAlc% to normal limits but its extent was less than the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle. The aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle lowers the FBG and HbAlc levels in a type 2 diabetes induced male mice in a dose dependent manner
ABSTRACT
To determine the hepatoprotective effect of Aqueous extract of Stem Bark of Berberis Lycium Royale in Isoniazid [INH] induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Experimental study. The study was conducted from 7[th] April 2014 till 7[th] May 2014 at animal house of National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Fifty six male albino Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups i.e Group I: Control group [C], Group II: Drug treated group [D], Group III: Low Aqueous group [LA], Group IV: High Aqueous group [HA] of 14 mice each. INH [50 mg/kg] was given to induce hepatotoxicity in all groups except control group [C]. Aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royle was given in low doses [150 mg/kg] to Low Aqueous group [LA] and in high doses [200 mg/kg] to High Aqueous group [HA]. Blood samples were collected at day [0,15[th] and 30[th]] for estimation of Liver function tests [LFTs]. At the end samples for liver histopathology were taken. INH produced severe hepatotoxicity as depicted by raised LFT's and severe steatosis, hepatocytic ballooning and inflammation. In animals of Low Aqueous group [LA] and High Aqueous group [HA], serum levels of biomarkers were decreased and their liver sections showed improved histological picture but the reduction in toxic effects were more pronounced in animals treated with high Aqueous group. [HA]. Aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royale has more significant hepatoprotective potential in high doses as compare to low doses
ABSTRACT
To study antihyperlipidemic properties of aqueous extract of Cassia fistula leaves in mice. Experimental study. This study was conducted at Pharmacology Laboratory of Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, and National Institute of Health, Islamabad from February to April 2011. 40 male Balb/c mice were used which were randomly divided into 4 groups i.e. Group A, B, C and D, each group containing 10 mice. Duration of study was 8 weeks after acclimatization [1 week]. Group A served as control group [received standard mice diet], Group B as disease control [received 2% cholesterol diet] and Group C and D as Cassia fistula groups [received 2% cholesterol diet + aqueous extract of Cassia fistula leaves 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively]. At the end of 8 weeks, blood samples of all the mice were analyzed. In disease Group B, there was significant rise in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C and decline in HDL-C. In Group C and D [Cassia fistula groups], there was much less rise in cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C especially in Group D. Also, there was significant increase in HDL-C level in group D. The results demonstrate that administration of aqueous extract of Cassia fistula leaves, along with cholesterol diet, not only prevented the rise in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C levels but also increased the HDL-C level, demonstrating antihyperlipidemic properties of the extract
ABSTRACT
Assessment and comparison of hepatoprotective role of garlic and silymarin in antituberculosis drug [Isoniazid] induced hepatotoxicity. Healthy rats weighing 150-200g were selected for the study. Rats were divided into four groups, i.e. group A [Control], group B [INH treated group], group C and D serve as experimental groups. The group A received only the normal diet, Group B along with normal diet received the isoniazid [50 mg/kg/day], Group C along with normal diet received the isoniazid [50 mg/kg/day] and Silymarin [200 mg/kg/day], and Group D along with normal diet received the isoniazid [50 mg/kg/day] and garlic [0.25 g/kg/day]. On completion of 28 days of treatment blood samples were collected for the assessment of liver function. In group B there was abnormal rise in the levels of biochemical markers [ALT, AST, ALP and Total Bilirubin]. In group C the biochemical markers were near normal levels and in group D the levels of biochemical markers were within normal limits. Both the garlic and silymarin have shown the hepatoprotective effect against the Antituberculosis drug [isoniazid] induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animal model
ABSTRACT
To determine the Reno-protective effect of ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula [Amaltas] leaves on Streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. An animal experimental study. The study was done in Biochemistry department, Islamic International Medical College,Rawalpindi and NIH.Islamabad. Single injection of STZ was given intraperitoneally to rats and those rats that showed fasting blood glucose level over 280mg/dl were included in the study. After induction of diabetes all rats were divided into, normal control group [A], diabetes positive control group [B], and the two groups [C and D] served as experimental groups while group E served as standard as it received glibenclamide. Group C and D diabetic experimental rats received ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula leaves at 400 mg/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight orally for eight weeks on daily basis. On the other hand group E rats received glibenclamide at 0.5 mg/kg body weight orally for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected after eight weeks to find reno-protection against STZ induced diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic positive group rats showed variable increase in levels of serum glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, total urinary protein and microalbuminuric levels. Body weight decreased and urine volume increased in diabetic groups. Cassia fistula ethanolic extract of 400mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight dose and glibenclamide significantly decreased the levels of these parameters in rats. On comparison Cassia fistula ethanolic extract of 500mg/kg dose reduced levels of biochemical parameters more effectively than the 400mg/kg dose of Cassia fistula and glibenclamide. Cassia fistula constituents, especially polyphenols and flavonoids have strong anti-oxidant activity which might be involved in reno-protection. Cassia fistula ethanolic leaf extract showed reno-protection against STZ induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
ABSTRACT
In this study, the hypolipaemic effect of acacia honey [desi kikar] on cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats has been observed. The study was carried out on 60 male wistar rats weighing 200 - 250g. Rats were divided into five groups, each having 12 animals. Initially all four groups [B to E] were given cholesterol diet [2%] 2 gms cholesterol in 98 gms diet for 2 months to induce hyperlipidaemia except Group A, which served as [control]. Group B received no therapy after establishing hyperlipidaemia. Groups C received 20 mg/kg of body weight acacia honey and group D received 10 mg/kg body weight of simvastatin orally for 8 weeks after establishing hyperlipidaemia, while group E received combination of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight of acacia honey and simvastatin respectively orally for 8 weeks. Rats having normal lipid profile were included in this study. Blood samples were taken on 60[th] day after giving antihyperlipidaemic therapy. Group B showed increase in serum LDL, TGs, cholesterol but decrease HDL levels. The level of these parameters decreased in group C which was given acacia honey reached near towards normal level. On the other hand with simvastatin, in group D, these levels reached near normal level. In group E given combination of acacia honey simvastatin the levels reached towards normalcy. In conclusion, acacia honey has an antihyperlidaemic effect against cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Acacia , Plants, Medicinal , Rats, Wistar , Cholesterol , Hypolipidemic AgentsABSTRACT
Certain medicinal plants have been reported to have their effect on various experimentally induced diseases. Drug induced hepatitis [DIH] is one of them. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula leaves in experimentally induced drug hepatitis [DIH] in rodents. The rats were divided into four groups, i.e. a control group [A], antituberculous [ATT] group [B], and the remaining two groups [C and D] served as experimental therapy groups. They received Cassia fistula extract as hepatoprotective agent. Rats having normal liver functions were included in this study. Group C experimental rats received [INH/RIF] [50 mg/kg] each and ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula at 400 mg/kg of body weight. On the other hand group D experimental rats received [INH/RIF] [50 mg/kg] each and ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula at 500 mg/kg of body weight. Blood samples were taken at 30[th] day and liver in each was taken out for microscopical examination on day 30[th]. The [ATT] group rats showed variable increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels. Group C treated with 400 mg/kg of body weight Cassia fistula treatment decreased the level of these parameters in rats. On the other hand group D rats treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Cassia fistula dose significantly decreased levels of these biochemical parameters. The morphological examination of experimental group C rats showed slight recovery whereas the rats in experimental group D showed a significant recovery. Cassia fistula constituents, especially flavonoids and anthraquinones have strong anti-oxidant activity which provides hepato-protection against drug-induced hepatitis [DIH]. In conclusion, high dose of Cassia fistula ethanolic leaves extract [500 mg/kg] body weight showed hepatoprotection against INH/RIF induced hepatitis in rats