Effect of clonidine on pregnant uterine contractions an experimental and a clinical study

The effect of clonidine HCl on the pregnant mouse uterus was studied in vitro. Contra-recorded using physiograph six-E.M. Clonidine HCl at three dose levels 0.06, 0.3 and 0.6 mcg/ml did not significantly affect the mean amplitude [MA] or the mean frequency [MF] of the contracted uterine segments. Administration of oxytocin increased significantly the MA of the contractions while the MF was not significantly different also produced by the combined administration of oxytocin and clonidine. In the clinical study the influence of 1.0 mcg/kg IM clonidine HCl on human uterine activity was studied by external tocograhy in 15 women at the end of a normal pregnancy. For women in spontaneous labour [n=9] and in women in whom uterine contractions were augmented by oxytocin infusion [n - 6] no change was observed in the frequency or duration of uterine contractions as a result of clonidine administration. Clonidine did not have any noticeable effect on base line foetal heart rate, long term variability number of accelerations and type of decelerations. No serious side effects were observed either in the mother or neonate. Additional work with this compound in obstetrics is merited in view of its potential advantages especially in hypertensive patients

Effect of tiapride and tramadol on the uterine contractions of the pregnant animals near full team

The effect of tiapride and tramadol on the uterine muscles of pregnant mice near full term were studied in vitrol. Tiapride at two concentrations 50, 100 ug/ml in the bathing solution did not significantly produce a change either in the mean amplitude nor in the mean frequency of the uterine contractions. In large dose, tiapride 400 ug/ml in the bathing solution produced significant increase only in the mean amplitude of the uterine contractions. Tramadol 50 ug/ml in bathing solution increased significantly the mean amplitude and the mean frequency of pregnant uterine contractions. The concentration of 20 ug/ml naloxone before 400 ug/ml tiapride or 50 ug/ml tramadol in bathing solution blocked completely their stimulant effects. While the concentration of 3 ug/ml atropine before 400 ug/ml tiaride or 5 ug/ml tramadol did not prevent the stimulant effect of each of them. But 25 ug/ml in bathing solution of indomethacine before each of them was able to block their stimulant effect on the pregnancy uterine contractions. The stimulant effect of the small dose of tramadol and large dose of tiapride on the pregnant uterine contractions may be exerted partially through their effect on opioid receptors and partially through prostaglandin effect

Experimental approach to the effects of phenytoin on some serum trace elements, body growth and motor activity

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral administration of phenytoin 0.9 mg/kg body weight [B.W.] for mice and 0.32 mg/kg B.W. for rabbits for 15 consecutive days on the serum levels of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and iron and weight changes as well as on the motor activity. Two types of experimental animals were used viz rabbits and mice to visualize if any species difference might exist in response to phenytoin treatment. The results showed that phenytoin treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of zinc and iron, significantly increased the level of copper, whilist the serum magnesium concentration was not significantly altered in the animals tested [mice or rabbits]. The serum calcium level was decreased significantly in mice but not in rabbits [which might be due to species difference between mice and rabbits]. Also in the present study control animals receiving only saline treatment showed the normal growth pattern and their weight increased considerably after the 15 days treatment period, while the weight of those receiving phenytoin remained nearly as such and did not show any significant increase following the treatment period. The motor activity of mice was found to be imparied after phyenytoin treatment. Further investigations should be done to explore the relation between phenytoin treatment and different trace elements regarding side effects and the growth of children

Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic actions of tramadol in combination with ketoprofen

The aim of this work is to study the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgestic activity of tramadol in animals, and evaluating these activities when combined with ketoprofen, moreover, the local anaesthetic effect of tramadol was assessed. Tramadol 4.5 mg/kg was found to be devoide of anti-inflammatory activity against edematous paws rat induced by yeast injection. While in a dose of 9 mg/kg - produced significant anti-inflammatory activity in the same test. Furthermore, tramadol 9 mg/kg exerts antipyretic effects in experimentally hyperthermic rats, but in a dose of 4.5 mg/kg did not affect the body tempreture in the same test. When tramadol 4.5 mg/kg was given in combination with ketoprofen 4.5 mg/kg produced marked and highly significant anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect. On the otherhand tramadol at the dose levels of 6.5 and 13 mg/kg in mice produced significant increase in the hot plate [HP] latency. In the combined experiments, 6.5 mg/kg for mice given concomitently with 6.5 mg/kg ketoprofen produced marked and significant prolongation in the HP latency. The combination of tramadol and ketoprofen produced better anti-infammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect. Also the results indicate that - tramadol has a local anaesthetic effect

combined effect of indomethacin with prostaglandin F2 and syntocinon on the pregnant uterus

The effect of indomethacin alone and in combination with some oxytocics [syntocinon and prostaglandin F2] on the pregnant uterus of rabbits was studied in vivo. Recordings were done on one channel of the oscillographic recording apparatus [Model 1980]. The mean amplitude [MA] and the mean number [MN] of the electropotential waves [EPWs] were calculated in 60 second in the record. The intravenous [IV] injection of 0.7 mg/kg indomethacin produced significant decrease in MA and MN of the EPWs. In the combination study, the IV injection of 0.7 mg/kg indomethacin before or after administration of 100 ug/kg prostaglandin F2 [PGF2] was unable to influence the stimulant effect PGF2 on MA and MN of the waves. The other combination therapy showed that the injection of 1.5 IU/kg syntocinon after injection of indomethacin failed to produce its stimulant effect on both MA and Mn of waves. The changes were statistically significant. These observations could advance the postulate that indomethacin is not preferred to be used in the first stage of labor as this may interfere with the effect of both endogenous and exogenous oxytocin. It was also proposed that the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on the pregnant uterus could be overcome by the use of exogenous prostaglandin