Memory performance among children with ADHD

The present post-eventual research study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the memory performance between distinct groups of 50 healthy children and 50 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] children [25 girls and 25 boys] in Tehran with an age range of 10-12. The whole students were selected through simple random sampling method and were assessed in children's medical center, the Clinic of Roozbeh Hospital, and Tehran's Andishe primary school [both girls' and boys' branches]. The applied tools for data gathering were the Benton test and Wechsler memory sub-test [form A]. The results showed a significant difference between Benton test scores and Wechsler memory sub-test scores [i.e. personal and general information, orientation, mind control, logical memory, repeating numbers straightly or reversely, learning and memory] among healthy children and those with ADHD. Memory performance in children with ADHD was weaker than healthy children. In general, with regard to the memory deficit and attention disorder, these patients require both memory and attention rehabilitation for a better quality of life

[Clinical and radiological assessment of anterior cervical discectomy]

Cervical discectomy has a high success rate. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiological results of anterior cervical discectomy. This was a retrospective study in which its emphasis was on surgical outcomes in patients operated with anterior fusion surgery method along with artificial cage. The study was conducted on 43 patients who underwent standard Smith-Robinson technique. Postoperative follow-up period was 2 years. Clinical assessment was done through Odom criteria, Neck disability index and VAS. The mean age of patients was 50 y. The most common symptom was neck pain and sensory disorder was the most prevalent sign. The most common level involved was C5-6. The mean medical treatment period was 4.5 months. Motor defect and neck pain were the main reasons of surgery. According to Odom Criteria, 80% of patients had reasonable satisfaction after surgery. Also, on the basis of neck disability index and visual analog scale of neck and associated pain, patients had significant improvement. The rate of successful fusion was 95%. Due to the possibility of complete discectomy and complete removal of compression, anterior surgery approach is preferred over the posterior one.

[ study on association of glioma and cognitive impairments]

Given the prevalence of glioma and importance of cognitive impairments of these patients, it is important to evaluate these impairments using the cognitive tests that have previously shown they are capable of these evaluations. Therefore, this study compared cognitive impairment in patients with glioma and controls, in the Shohada Hospital in 2012. Historical cohort study was conducted on patients diagnosed with glioma and control subjects were matched in terms of age, gender and education. Cognitive assessment was done using computerized continuous performance test, Stroop and Tower of London [TOL] tests. Stroop test showed a significant difference between the patient's stroop test variables and the healthy ones [p<0.5], except for the incongruent response time score. In continuous performance test there was a difference between cases and controls [p<0.5]. Variables are assumed to equal for the total error scores of the first 50 stimulants and the total true score of the first 50 stimulants variables. TOL test confirmed the difference between patients and healthy people [p<0.5]. It seems that the tests are capable of assessing cognitive impairments in glioma patients.

[Application of cognitive computerized test in assessment of neuro-cognitive domain]

Background and Aim: The Stroop Color-Word test is a common and quick tool for assessing selective attention. This study was run to evaluate application of Stroop cognitive test in assessment of selective attention

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented during 6 months from June to November, 2010 on 84 healthy adults [42 males and 42 females]. All participants performed computerized Stroop test after signing consent. The cases were examined before the test to confirmtheir health status and were trained for the test

Results: The obtained data indicate that there is a significant correlation coefficient between age, gender and education variables [p<0.05]

Conclusion: The above-mentioned test can be used to assess selective attention

Demographic variables and selective, sustained attention and planning through cognitive tasks among healthy adults

Introduction: Cognitive tasks are considered to be applicable and appropriate in assessing cognitive domains. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationship existence between variables of age, sex and education with selective, sustained attention and planning abilities by means of computerized cognitive tasks among healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented during 6 months from June to November, 2010 on 84 healthy adults [42 male and 42 female]. The whol participants performed computerized CPT, STROOP and TOL tests after being content and trained. Results: The obtained data indicate that there is a significant correlation coefficient between age, sex and education variables [p<0.05]. Discussion: The above-mentioned tests can be used to assess selective, sustained attention and planning

Smoking habits of adolescent students in Tehran

Cigarette smoking is among the main preventable causes of untimely death, morbidity and mortality in the world. Various reasons have been suggested for cigarette smoking among students which are mostly related to the culture and customs of a country. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with cigarette smoking among students. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Tehran in 2008 and used "Global Youth Tobacco Survey" [GYTS] self-administered questionnaire for data collection. A total of 4, 523 students [2, 251 girls and 2, 272 boys] were selected by using randomized multi-stage cluster sampling. SPSS version 16 software, chi-square test and logistic regression test were used for data analysis. A total of 4, 523 students [50.2% boys and 49.8% girls] with a mean age of 14.69 +/- 2.09 yrs were evaluated. The prevalence of smoking experience, current smoking, and current regular smoking among students was 25.5%, 7.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. The score of knowledge was 5.29 +/- 1.29 for all students, 5.34 +/- 1.23 for nonsmoker students, and 4.57 +/- 1.74 for current smokers [P<0.01]. The mean score of attitude towards smoking was 27.29 +/- 7.41 for all students, 27.56 +/- 7.20 for non smokers and 21.10 +/- 7.69 for current smokers. The difference between the scores of current smokers and nonsmokers was statistically significant [P<0.01]. In evaluation of the correlation between cigarette smoking and different variables, several factors were found to increase the likelihood of smoking among students including the male gender, older age, low grades, having smoker friends, pocket money more than 300, 000 Rials [$30.00] per month, exposure to family members' smoking, lack of parental advice, low scores for knowledge, low scores for attitude, passive smoking[exposure to secondhand smoke at home or outside], poor perception of anti-smoking messages broadcasting by the media, watching actors smoking [cigarette or hookah] in movies, and last but not least viewing smoking advertisements and cigarette commercials [OR=1.464-57.707]. Considering our study findings, planning and implementation of educational tobacco control programs are required at schools aiming at preventing cigarette smoking by increasing the knowledge and correcting the attitude of students