ABSTRACT
Renal Failure [RF] is considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Kidney transplantation remains the most appropriate therapeutic option in these patients. The allograft kidney is required to be washed in order to prevent thrombosis. The collected fluid form renal vein and ureter could be indicative of the kidney condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between the collected fluid from ureter and renal vein regarding the temperature, PH and specific gravity of the irrigation fluid at two different irrigation volumes of less and more than 500 mL. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, all renal transplantation patients. After the allograft, kidneys being harvested from the donors, they were irrigated via renal artery; collected fluid form renal vein and ureter was evaluated regarding temperature, PH and Specific Gravity SG at two different irrigation volumes of less and more than 500 mL. Twenty one subjects [11males, 10females] with a mean age of 34.23 +/- 11.86 years were studied. There were no significant relations between the irrigation fluid volume and temperature and also between irrigation fluid volume and PH of the collected fluid from ureter and renal vein [P=0.57 and P=0.56, respect]. The SG of the collected fluid from ureter and renal vein had significant relation with the irrigation fluid volume [P=0.04]. There was non-significant relation between the temperature and PH of irrigation fluid and collected fluid
ABSTRACT
We investigated the correlation between atherosclerosis and tissue and serum levels of endothelin-1 in patients with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. Arterial samples were obtained from 35 patients with CKD during arteriovenous fistula placement. Thirty-one patients with cardiovascular disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] were selected as the atherosclerotic group, and a piece of their aorta punched during CABG was obtained. Also, a small piece of the renal artery was dissected during donation in 24 kidney donors [control group]. Tissue endothelin-1 level was measured and atherosclerosis grading was determined by pathologic examination. Serum levels of endothelin-1 were also measured in the three groups. The mean tissue endothelin-1 levels were 10.73 +/- 7.57 pg/ mL, 12.16 +/- 3.95 pg/mL, and 0.93 +/- 1.06 pg/mL in the patients with CKD, those with CABG, and donors, respectively [P < .001]. The mean serum endothelin-1 level was 25.23 +/- 15.15 pg/mL in the patients with CKD, 21.13 +/- 17.22 pg/mL in the patients with CABG, and 2.66 +/- 1.51 pg/mL in the donors [P < .001]. Atherosclerosis grades correlated with tissue endothelin-1 level [r = 0.823, P < .001] and serum endothelin-1 level [r = 0.608, P < .001] in the patients with CKD. Multiple regression analysis showed tissue endothelin-1 level as the main predicting factor of atherosclerosis [P < .001]. Tissue endothelin-1 concentration is more important than serum endothelin-1 or lipids levels in prediction of atherosclerosis. Thus, blockade of tissue endothelin-1 receptors with its antagonists may prevent atherosclerosis progression