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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab bio?similar product Zybev(Z) for macular edema because of retinal diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with macular edema because of retinal diseases, who had been administered intravitreal injections of bio?similar bevacizumab at a tertiary eye care center. Changes in the retinal thickness and visual acuity were evaluated to judge the efficacy, and adverse events were noted for the safety profile over a period of 6 weeks. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 53 ± 13.5 years. The mean pre?injection best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.32 ± 0.70 log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) with a central subfield thickness (CST) of 429.26 ± 204.30 ?m, and the post?injection BCVA at 6 weeks was 1.13 ± 0.71 logMAR with a CST of 302.26 ± 104.50 ?m; this change was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for all groups. The mean average cube thickness (?m) decreased from 11.85 ± 1.96 pre?injection to 10.52 ± 1.75 post?injection, and the mean average cube volume (mm3) decreased from 329.30 ± 54.35 to 302.23 ± 49.56 (P < 0.05). During the follow?up period after injection, no patient had inflammation, endophthalmitis, an increase in intra?ocular pressure, or systemic side effects. Conclusion: This short?term retrospective analysis provides evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of bio?similar products of bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema because of retinal diseases
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Background: Liver iron overload is considered to be the histological hallmark of genetic hemochromatosis. The accurate estimation of iron overload is important to establish the diagnosis of hemochromatosis. The aim of the present study was to estimate T2* liver value, quantify liver iron concentration (in milligram of iron per gram dry weight) and find out the appropriate therapy for patients with iron overload according to severity index.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Radio Diagnosis, at B.Y.L. Nair Hospital and medical college, Mumbai from June 2017 to August 2018. A total of 50 cases were enrolled for the present study.Results: Male predominance (66.0%) was seen. Mean duration of disease among the studied cases was 10.52±6.06 years, with minimum and maximum duration of disease of 1 and 26 years respectively. Eight percent had compliance to visit and treatment among the enrolled cases.Conclusions: MRI was concluded to be potentially useful non-invasive method for evaluating liver iron stones in a wide spectrum of haematological and liver diseases.
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Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common canceramong women in both developing and developed countries.It needs alarming attention because it causes high morbidityand mortality. There is a need to understand the initiationand progression of breast cancer on hormonal, cellular andmolecular basis which forms the platform for designing oftargeted therapy. This study was intended to find correlationbetween the expression of Estrogen receptor, Progesteronereceptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2with histological grade in cases of carcinoma breast.Material and methods: This study was conducted in theDepartment of Pathology at Bhagat Phool Singh GovernmentMedical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat on 55histologically confirmed breast cancer cases.Results: The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 70 yearsand the mean age was 51.56 ± 11.39 years. Invasive ductalcarcinoma - no special type was the most common histologicaltype(92.72%). The most common histological grade observedwas grade II i.e. 61.82%. Lymph nodes involvement was seenin 55.32% of the cases. ER, PR and HER-2/neu positivitywas observed in 45.45%, 47.27% and 25.45% of the casesrespectively. ER and PR were found to correlate withhistological grade (p<0.05) while no correlation was observedbetween HER-2/neu and histological grade(p>0.05).Conclusion: Evaluation of ER, PR, and HER-2/neu statusshould be incorporated routinely as a part of histopathologyreports in all cases of breast carcinoma as they not onlyhelp in assessment of prognosis, but also help in decidingmanagement and improving overall survival.
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Introduction: Sepsis in elderly patients is a critical clinicalissue due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The modernage cell counters precisely measure volume, size and internalstructure of the cell thereby assessing increase in volumeand cytoplasmic granularity of leukocytes as seen in casesof sepsis. The present study was done to evaluate the useof Volume Conductivity Scatter (VCS) parameters as earlyindicators of sepsis in elderly patients and to overcome theshortcomings of blood culture by using a more precise VCStechnology to assess morphologic changes in cell populationsin sepsis.Material and Method: The study included 51 patients abovethe age of 50 years which were divided into 2 groups Group1, patients with localised infection (n= 39) and Group 2 withsystemic infection (n=12). Group 3 included 30 controlswithout any signs of infection and with total leucocyte countand differential counts within normal limits. Coulter LH 750cellular analysis system was used.Result: Significant increase in both mean neutrophil volume(MNV) and mean monocyte volume (MMV) was reportedamong the patients with sepsis as compared to localizedinfections or control. With a cut off of 145 and 170 for MNVand MMV respectively, a sensitivity of 96% and 91.4% wasobtained in predicting sepsis.Conclusion: Both MNV and MMV have the potential to beused as early indicators of acute bacterial infections.
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Collision tumour is defined as the presence of two distinct tumours in the same organ without any histological intermixing. Such tumours involving ovaries are extremely rare. We are presenting report of two cases of ovarian collision tumour. Our first case revealed features of mature cystic teratoma with mucinous cystadenoma. The second case showed components of both mature cystic teratoma and serous cystadenoma. Correct diagnosis of collision tumour will guide the surgeon towards proper treatment and favorable prognosis of patient.
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Primary testicular lymphoma constitutes 1-2% of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas affecting elderly men >60 years of age. The most common histologic type is Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Differential diagnosis includesseminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, granulomatous orchitis, pseudolymphoma and plasmacytoma.Treatment involves multimodality approach involving surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite aggressive therapy, prognosis of this neoplasm is poor.
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Introduction: Lipoma is the most common benign tumour of mesenchymal origin. They are quiet uncommon in head and neck region, constituting approximately 13% of all lipomas. Parotid gland lipomas are extremely rare with incidence ranging from 0.6% to 4.4%. Case report: We are reporting a rare case of parotid gland lipoma in a 42 year male presented with a slow growing painless swelling on the right side of the neck without any signs and symptoms of facial nerve degeneration. Conclusion: These tumours are seldom diagnosed clinically but imaging methods and fine needle aspiration can help reaching a pre-operative diagnosis. Surgical removal is treatment of choice in symptomatic cases