ABSTRACT
Background: Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease in pregnancy and is also the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy in tropical countries. Risk factors for transmission are intravenous drug abuse, surgical and dental procedures done without adequate sterilization of instruments, sexual route etc. Early diagnosis and management can prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was done to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive antenatal women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to June 2018 on total 2511 pregnant women. The serum samples were checked for presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and presence of IgG antibodies to HCV. Analysis of sociodemographic profile, risk factors and pregnancy outcome were done in all HBV and HCV positive women.Results: Out of 2511 pregnant women, 292 were tested positive for hepatitis. Maximum number of women were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of the seropositive women were multipara. Frequency of positivity was maximum for HCV (67.1%). The risk factors for transmission in study population were intravenous drug abuse, blood transfusion, history of surgery and tattooing.Conclusions: Hepatitis infection rate is increasing. Universal screening for HBV and HCV can be recommended in pregnant women in developing countries. Education and awareness of public and health care workers can reduce the risk of transmission.
ABSTRACT
Background: Labour is defined as the progressive dilatation of cervix with co-ordinate uterine contractions that effect in and expulsion of the products of conception. Experience has shown that providing pain relief to the mother allays fear, anxiety and provides a more favourable environment for improved obstetric outcome. Aims and Objectives: To compare the effects of programmed labour protocol with epidural analgesia and traditional method of labour. Materials & Methods: This study is a prospective, randomized controlled study conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre Moradabad. 90 pregnant women in active labour were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to three groups after randomization . Group-A- 30 pregnant women received epidural analgesia. Group-B - 30 pregnant women received programmed labour protocol. Group-C- 30 pregnant women with traditional labour management. Results: There was excellent relief of pain in group A patient compared to other methods with shortening of duration of labour. Conclusion: Labour analgesia is a simple, effective method for painless and safe delivery and thus can reduce the number of caesarean section